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The Emerging Threat of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Africa Global and Local Challenges and Solutions: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Academy of Science of South Africa (2011) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
Pages 1-8

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From page 1...
... . TB is the leading killer of people with HIV, and it is also a disease of poverty -- the vast majority of TB deaths occur in the developing world (WHO, 2009a)
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From page 2...
... Despite the challenges, aggressive treatment with second-line drugs has produced successful outcomes in MDR and XDR TB patients. However, TDR TB is a growing threat.
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From page 3...
... . Data on the burden of XDR TB are even more limited because many countries lack the laboratory and infrastructure capacity necessary to test MDR TB patients routinely for susceptibility of their infecting organism to second-line drugs.
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From page 4...
... of South Africa and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and focused on TB research in drug discovery and development, diagnostics, vaccines, and biomarkers as well as the identification of opportunities for TB research collaboration in Africa. Topics and meeting participants overlapped between the NIAID and IOM meetings in South Africa, creating synergies and connections for future collaborations in the areas of TB research and policy.
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From page 5...
... WHO estimates that worldwide only 7 percent of MDR TB patients are diagnosed (WHO, 2010a) , and only about 1 percent of estimated MDR TB cases globally are enrolled in MDR TB treatment programs that use quality-assured drugs (programs approved by the Green Light Committee [GLC]
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From page 6...
... The drug discovery process has a 90 percent failure rate from target identification to regulatory approval; it has a 50 percent failure rate even in phase III trials. The average time for drug discovery and development from target identification to approval is 10 to 14 years, and probably considerably longer for TB drugs when the follow-up period is taken into account.
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From page 7...
... ; • treatment of drug-resistant TB, including the capacity of current health systems to address the needs of TB patients, the limited numbers of patients receiving appropriate treatment, and the devel opment of new drugs (Chapter 6) ; • the devastating spread of drug-resistant TB among children and the unique challenges this group poses for prevention and treatment (Chapter 7)
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Key Terms

  • drug discovery
  • southern africa
  • south africa
  • drug susceptibility
  • resistance profile

  • infection control
  • hughes medical
  • grave threat
  • growing threat
  • surveillance data

  • medical institute
  • failure rate
  • susceptibility testing
  • howard hughes
  • percent failure

  • target identification
  • drug regimen
  • drug delivery
  • time drug
  • existing drug

  • drug therapy
  • global drug
  • workshop brought
  • iom workshop
  • workshop rapporteurs

  • southern african
  • estimated mdr
  • workshop presentations
  • workshop objectives
  • test mdr


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