Federal Funding of Transportation Improvements in BRAC Cases Special Report 302 (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Background Paper on Impact Fees
Appendix A: Background Paper on Impact Fees
Pages 97-108
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From page 97... ...
Typically, regional leaders negotiate with the developer and require that certain conditions be met to ameliorate the negative impacts of the development, and they often impose fees to offset any capital improvement needs as a result of the development. If the developers in such instances are unwilling to pay the impact fees, the local governments can refuse to allow the development.
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From page 98... ...
Exactions and impact fees have grown increasingly popular with local governments as a supplementary financing source. Altshuler et al.
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From page 99... ...
The most obvious benefit of impact fees is the revenueraising capability. Rather than relying heavily on property taxes, which may already be high or capped by the state government, a local government is able to diversify its revenue stream through this alternative source.
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From page 100... ...
If one locality imposes an impact fee on a developer that the developer does not wish to pay, it is possible for that developer to simply develop in a neighboring jurisdiction to avoid the fee, potentially eliminating the sprawl-curbing benefit altogether. Promotion of Community Planning The development of impact fees requires communities to assess the costs of infrastructure deficiencies as well as the costs imposed by new development.
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From page 101... ...
level oF ImPact Fees In the context of transportation facilities, these requirements can be difficult to satisfy and can impose significant administrative costs. For example, additional traffic studies might be required to demonstrate how much residents of a new development will benefit from transportation facilities financed with impact fees.
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From page 102... ...
The following table provides data from the 2006 National Impact Fee Survey (Duncan Associates) on impact fees for roads by type of land (Aecom Consult 2007)
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From page 103... ...
To such communities, it does not matter that some may travel more or less than others. calculatIng ImPact Fees To assess impact fees, communities must demonstrate the need for additional facilities as a result of the new development and not because of existing facility deficiencies.
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From page 104... ...
In addition to fair-share mitigation of development impacts, the agency may negotiate with a developer for other infrastructure improvements aimed at overcoming existing deficiencies. State transportation agencies and local governments have varying authority to require developer mitigation.
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From page 105... ...
Any deficiency caused by development trips within that impact area must be mitigated, with the amount of mitigation most fairly determined based only on that proportion of new trips that trigger the deficiency. Most states rely on TIA guidelines and case-by-case negotiations, which makes consistent treatment a challenge -- particularly when administration is decentralized into district or regional offices.
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From page 106... ...
Moreover, to date, impact fees have been assessed only at the community level and not at the state level. Nevertheless, the principles that have been used to structure impact fees at the local level can be a useful basis for allocating costs resulting from personnel increases in military bases.
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From page 107... ...
2007. Development Impact Fees as Planning Tools and Revenue Genera tors.
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