Naval Engineering in the 21st Century The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 (2011) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-34
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 15... ...
ONR defined the scope, focus, and objectives of certain of its naval engineering S&T activities in a 2001 memorandum that designates naval engineering as a national naval responsibility (ONR 2001)
|
From page 16... ...
to examine the state of basic and applied research in the scientific and technical fields that support naval engineering and to advise ONR on whether activities under its NNR-NE initiative have been effective in sustaining these fields. ONR also asked NRC to identify opportunities to enhance innovation, research, and graduate education in these fields and to identify areas of scientific research that provide opportunities for fundamental advances in naval ship capabilities.
|
From page 17... ...
It will report on the health of the basic and early applied research, graduate and postgraduate research "pipeline" and the associated infrastructure necessary for a long-term, sustainable portfolio that will provide technology options for future Navy advanced technology development programs and affordable sea platforms. The study will advise on the ability of the NNR-NE's portfolio of programs to provide steady, long-term support to the Navy unique core disciplines of naval engineering.
|
From page 18... ...
NATIONAL NAVAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR NAVAL ENGINEERING ONR's mission, as defined in federal law, is to "plan, foster, and encourage scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance as related to the maintenance of future naval power, and the preservation of national security" and to "manage the Navy's basic, applied, and advanced research to foster transition from science and technology to higher levels of research, development, test, and evaluation" (ONR 2009, 1)
|
From page 19... ...
In particular, resources are to be provided for – Investing in seven key S&T areas: ship design tools, ship struc tural materials, hydromechanics, advanced hull designs, ship propulsion, ship automation, and ship integration; – Conducting major field experiments that integrate tech nologies into innovative ship concepts; and – Investing in infrastructure such as students, facilities, and equipment. • ONR is to examine the health of the national S&T community and, to ensure long-term strength in naval engineering, was to issue special broad agency announcements for three purposes: – Developing half of the pipeline of future naval researchers required to sustain expertise in naval engineering (estimated as five graduate and five postdoctoral fellowships per year)
|
From page 20... ...
. The department responsible for an NNR is to • Formulate thrust areas within the field to provide S&T prod ucts that ensure naval superiority, • Coordinate the NNR with other efforts including ONR Future Naval Capabilities technology transition initiatives and activ ities at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, • Augment basic research with experiments focused on promot ing applications and balance theoretical with experimental research, • Promote knowledge base development and retention through a military officer fellowship program or an entry-level faculty support program, • Report annually on progress of the NNR, and • Submit the NNR to review by an independent board at least every 5 years.
|
From page 21... ...
ONR provided the committee with tabulations of the basic and applied research projects supported by ONR grants or contracts and of ONR-supported educational projects that made up the NNR-NE portfolio of activities for the years 2006 to 2009. In these tabulations, ONR categorized research projects into six scientific and technical areas: • Automation, control, and system integration; • Ship design tools; • Hydromechanics and hull design; • Platform power and energy; • Propulsors; and • Structural systems.
|
From page 22... ...
. NNR-NE IN THE CONTEXT OF ONR's TOTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM NNR-NE is one element of ONR's overall research and development activities supporting naval engineering.
|
From page 23... ...
Automation, Control, and System Integration Structural Systems Ship Design Tools Education Propulsors Hydromechanics and Hull Design Power and Energy FIGURE 1-3 Funds committed for NNR-NE projects by field, FY 2009 (total outlays = $47.4 million)
|
From page 24... ...
The Transition Directorate manages the Future Naval Capabilities portfolio, projects to "mature technology into requirements-driven, transition oriented products" (ONR 2009, 3)
|
From page 25... ...
Innovation Transition Research Prototypes) 30 31 32 33 34 35 Expeditionary Command, Control, Ocean Sea Warfare Warfighter Air Warfare Warfare and Communications, Battlespace and Performance and Combating Terrorism Computers, Intelligence, Sensing Weapons Weapons Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR)
|
From page 26... ...
: This budget activity includes development of subsystems and components and efforts to integrate subsystems and
|
From page 27... ...
. The 2010 ONR instruction stating the policy for designating new NNRs requires that management of each NNR be coordinated with related Innovative Naval Prototypes and Future Naval Capabilities as well as with relevant research outside ONR (ONR 2010, 3–4)
|
From page 28... ...
It includes engineers engaged in all phases of design, construction, operation, maintenance, and logistical support of naval ships, craft, and vehicles. The practitioners come from various engineering disciplines and have received diverse formal engineering education backgrounds, but they have a common understanding of the unique requirements, characteristics, capabilities, and limitations associated with ships.
|
From page 29... ...
Scientists and engineers from many disciplines contribute to the knowledge base and bring innovative ideas to naval engineering. The relevant disciplines include aeronautical and aerospace engineering; biosciences; chemical engineering; chemistry; civil engineering; cognitive, neural, and behavioral science; electrical and computer engineering; information sciences; marine engineering; materials science and engineering; mathematics; mechanical engineering; naval architecture; nuclear engineering; ocean engineering; oceanography; operations research; physics; and industrial and systems engineering.
|
From page 30... ...
30 25 20 15 Percent 10 5 0 Mechanical Aeronautical/ Civil Electrical Naval Materials Ocean Physics/ Oceanography Other Engineering/ Aerospace/ Engineering Engineering Architecture Science Engineering Engineering Engineering Aerospace and Physics Mechanics Mechanical Engineering FIGURE 1-5 Departments in which principal investigators in ONR 2009 NNR-NE projects earned their graduate degrees. (SOURCE: Project lists provided to the committee by ONR.)
|
From page 31... ...
universities that typically do not specifically educate for or place students in the naval engineering enterprise but participate in naval engineering research programs; • U.S. universities focused on education for the maritime sector, includ ing the United States Naval Academy, the Merchant Marine Academy, the Coast Guard Academy, and the Naval Postgraduate School; and • Foreign research institutions.
|
From page 32... ...
The National Science Foundation funds basic and applied research in related fields, including fluid dynamics; structural materials; systems engineering, design, and control; and energy and power systems. Finally, private maritime industries in the United States devote some limited resources to research and development, but for the most part research related to NNR-NE in the maritime industries applicable to Navy ships is funded by the Navy.
|
From page 33... ...
Other research supported by the maritime industries in the United States has little tangible connection to the naval engineering S&T programs of ONR. In summary, the ONR NNR-NE initiative must be evaluated within the larger context of the nation's naval engineering enterprise and the ONR's total research effort so that proper emphasis is given to the role of research and development in shaping the naval fleets of the future.
|
From page 34... ...
2010. Department of the Navy Science and Technology National Naval Respon sibility Initiative.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.