Ground-Based Astronomy A Ten-Year Program (1964) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 The Magnitude of the Program
6 The Magnitude of the Program
Pages 78-94
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 78... ...
groLd-b^r"d facilities proiected in.tle previous section of this report ls of ihe order of one haff of t per cent of tlre present total annual buclget of the National Aeronautics and Space ,{dministration' Since astronomers represent a small fraction of the physical scientists in the country, however, iì is appropriate to ask whether the grourrd-based facilities recoÁmeodetl ,"pt"tÀt a sharp acceleration in tìe next decade or are in line with growth rates already established or in sight' In the case of ãptical astronomy, whe¡e there has been a long perioil of growth while the Unitecl States was establishing its dominant position in of science, it is possible to give a rough quantitative ansr¡/er to Ihi, "r"" ,fr" -q"ltlt ih" b"rt rittgi" ittdex of tÈe nation's òapability in observational optical'astronomy wodd ãppear to be the collecting area oJ all its research ;å".-p";. The'necessary'ãata have been taken from the Appendir of Kuiper^anil Middlehurst's ?
|
From page 79... ...
The slope of this portion of the plot indicates a doubling of manpower ín nine or ten years and increases more steeply than the proiected growth of the telescope collecting area in any size category. In summary, then, tìre optical facilities recommended by the Panel would appear to be reasonable and prudent.
|
From page 80... ...
ven ) \¡r'er the 1990 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 ight ronlace Fígvte 20 riec Cto@th oÍ total collecting area of U '5.
|
From page 81... ...
The recommendations ãf the Pattel proposed a set of facilities demanded by the nature of the problems now faceil in this ffeld' These faciìities will create capabitties lor observational research commensurate wittr these tlemands, and quite beyond any yet provided. The manpower, the tecbniques, anil the engi nelring competence for realizatíon of this goal are all in sight, but adequate support must be Provided.
|
From page 82... ...
$ L0 million bolic 5J Support for existing radio astronomy departments for new small instruments and special, unique problems. $30.0 million lion The total support for new radio instruments is then $97.0 million, with no annual support to maintain new facilitíes included.
|
From page 83... ...
( See the cost curye in Figure BASIS. OF COST ESTIMATES AND PROT ECT ED SPENDIN G RAT E Facíliti,es Cost Esl ímntes Estimating the cost of large research instruments that have not yet been built is aãmittedly difRfllt' The Panel is well aware of the fact that the Êgures submitted in this Report may meet with- consi¡lerable skepticism' Sich iloubts are not surprising in view of the number of times that enthusiastic proponents of new resáutch facilities in the physical sciences have seriouìIyìnderestimated the cost' Astronomical ventures have by no means been immune from this exPerience.
|
From page 84... ...
The mean :ASOn line, showing cost varying as the 2.5 power of the diameter, passes through iacil- points representing dishes built to tlre tolerances acceptable in ¡adio astronhave omy, where the rapid and variable motions needed for satellite tracking are any not required, and where temporary shutdowns during high winds or icing : im- conditions are not serious. rents The estimated total construction costs of the recommended faciiíties rtant a¡e based on the accumulated data shown in Figures 2l and 22.
|
From page 85... ...
ffi ffi ii Tr DOLLÂN COST Df.IIUETERe fi I 500 r'flnRon Dr^rrlrTÈtl rNcûEs 200 100 50 t0 Fígøe 27 of apettuîe, in millions of .7963 clollars' The dat@ arc telesço? es as a Íunctíotu Zi"rt "¡1ptx.l tnctuåe o¡ttícs, mounting' ancl tlome' Lantl costs' site rletel' í;;;;Lb1;'li'.i¿)
|
From page 86... ...
DOLLÀN COST DIÀMETSR2'6 TRACK ¡AD,{II ¡,AIJOIÍE I 500 ÄPER¡L'RE Dr^METER ¡EEf 900 100 10 of 1963 dolla¡s, frcm Table E a Íunctìoll of .líarneter, Ì'úllíons ítù atxtennas as èiíst" of steerulrle ndio ,e alata are ti.iO¿,,Ctro^¿ítl' ? a¡aboloícls ttaith atltle¿L construction leatuîes not orllinarilll neecled for 'astîon;¡n1J î site deuel' 7 7 for erPlanation' are núrketl øith a s¡tecíal sgmbol.
|
From page 87... ...
itt" corresponiling estimates for fabrication time Tor tTable 4' aadio he large r half of long ã.ruy, ãr" indicateil in the second telescopes "nd with tlle corresponding scheilules for construction' Anrrunl Operating Support for Neu Facilities a schedule of funcling Before using the information in Table 3 to prepare ;;;;-; ;;:y:; perioil, it is necessarv to inquire what allowanceround tbe must that.ltl $ow up a he ;;å" f* típ;"i, of the reseat"h ptág'"tnt institutions' inro*
|
From page 88... ...
4. Larye Telescope Studg j rd the Rad,io Telescopes B I Extend.able øfi49 Co¡úínuing rtions, 9 High-Resofutìan Nafl.
|
From page 89... ...
A¡r examination oI the known annual ,""råh ""it"r, operating costs of the ûve oì six largest observatoríes i'.' this country shows tlìat theiatlo of the annual cost to ttre 1963 estimated capital value of the facility falls in a remarkably n¿urow lânge between 2 5 and 3'5 per cent' ioo, other recent iarge telescope proposals have also intlicated ir, "í¿i operating support t"ogiog fto- 3.5 to 4'75 per c€nt of the total annual propor"df""ility vatuã. ¡ correlaied experience may also- be noted; many iarg:" unirrersity anil college campus building programs show annual operatiig costs for iaboratory building and facilities runningfrom 3'5 to 4'5 per th" to,"I plant välue.
|
From page 90... ...
Untloubtedly these costs will continue to be 10 per ' divided beween normal university budgets and feileral grant monies. iwo or atories Spend.i,ng Rate sts are The unit costs for new facilities from Table I antl the construction sched r rapíd ules from Table 4 are combined in Table 5, anil tÏe growth of annual oper, :place ating costs is computed according to the 4 per cent and 10 per cent formulas .moved adopted in the prevíous section.
|
From page 91... ...
The stuily goup to conJder the lalgest feasible optical time for telesco-pe 1. onlv to sive vears of the decaile' not i;Ë;;;ï;äJt".i".
|
From page 92... ...
Line D of Table 6 lists the annual operating support of research programs using the new instnnents, both radio and optical, taken from ttre schedules shown in Table 5. .LO The total proiected ten-yeæ spencling schedulg shom in ttre Ênal line of Table Q is displayed graphically in Figure 23.
|
From page 93... ...
25 OPEBÀTINC COST 2ö 15 10 RÁDIO ¡ÂCIÍ-IrÍES -- o"",a-to"ttt*
|
From page 94... ...
p* tant faciities now unforeseeable will have appeared on ,ltìl-in""1 lvËether these can be built within an annual eæenditurg Êle l at the maximum predicted ûgure in the fourtl and fth that is stabiLized ÍES a continuecl growth in spendtlllcfEs vears of tle current program, or wiil tfotãtold.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.