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Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2011 Symposium (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Retinal Prosthetic Systems for Treatment of Blindness--James D. Weiland and Mark S. Humayun
Pages 115-122

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
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From page 115...
... Neural networks composed of connected neurons determine if that event, along with inputs from others cells, requires action by other parts of the nervous system. Diseases or injuries that damage nerve cells, particularly sensory cells, can result in significant disability for the affected individual, including loss of sensory input, diminished capability to process information, or reduced motor function.
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From page 116...
... The end effect of this charge movement is to depolarize the nerve cell membrane, after which the natural sig naling mechanism of the nerve cell takes place and the brain, and person, observe an electrically elicited sensation or modulated function. A number of successful neurostimulators are in widespread use.
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From page 117...
... RETINAL PROSTHESES: GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND CURRENT CLINICAL SYSTEMS A retinal prosthesis consists of several components that perform specific functions: a camera to convert photons to digital data, a processing unit to generate stimulus commands based on the image, analog drivers to produce stimulus current, and an array of stimulating electrodes to deliver stimulus current to the retina (Weiland et al., 2005)
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From page 118...
... The ARGUS II retinal prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.) has been implanted in 30 subjects (Figure 3-bottom)
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From page 119...
... an epiretinal implant with compo nents inside and outside the eye. Stimulus commands generated by the wearable image processing system are transmitted wirelessly to the implant via an inductive coil in the glasses frame.
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From page 120...
... (2006) first demonstrated that this could be used to modify retinal ganglion cells, show ing that light-evoked neural responses were present in a mouse model of retinal degeneration when the mouse retina cells contained ChR2, and others have extended this work.
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From page 121...
... 2011. Interim performance results from the Second Sight Argus II retinal prosthesis study.
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Key Terms

  • nerve cells
  • visual acuity
  • artificial vision
  • retinal prosthesis
  • cell membrane

  • electrical signals
  • nerve cell
  • sight medical
  • epiretinal implant
  • medical products

  • natural vision
  • wearable image
  • motor function
  • stimulus commands
  • retina implant

  • subretinal device
  • carry charge
  • subretinal implant
  • microphotodiode array
  • ion channels

  • electrical signal
  • subretinal space
  • optic nerve
  • legal blindness
  • image processing

  • optogenetic technique
  • camera unit
  • connected neurons
  • fies individual
  • cell takes


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