Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2011 Symposium (2012) / Chapter Skim
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The Shape of Things to Come: Frontiers in Additive Manufacturing--Hod Lipson
The Shape of Things to Come: Frontiers in Additive Manufacturing--Hod Lipson
Pages 33-44
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From page 33... ...
Clearly, we will see the usual improvements we have come to expect of any burgeoning technology: more material options, better resolution, faster printing, easier and more reliable operation, and lower costs. But where will this technology go next?
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From page 34... ...
It is easy to understand that lowering the cost of manufacturing complex products is a good thing, but the reason is more profound. Industrial revolutions are triggered when a fundamental cost associated with production drops dramatically, essentially taking that factor out of the equation.
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From page 35... ...
35 THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME tail of human creativity. Look online right now and you will see thousands of objects for sale ready to be printed on demand, from custom-shaped hearing aids, to flapping-hovering micro air vehicles, to authentic-looking replicas of ancient cuneiforms (Figure 1)
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From page 36... ...
The ability to further shape internal cavities, add strengthening girders, and shave material off non-load-bearing components can also help improve the weight-to-strength ratio of the device, making it both stronger and lighter. With more sophisticated multimaterial fabrication, one could imagine that the mechani cal performance of such devices could be tailored even further, improving their elasticity, shock bearing, and energetic performance.
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From page 37... ...
Solving that challenge using a variety of chemical and optical cross-linking agents, we were able to fabricate cartilage implants in the shape of a meniscus directly from CT data. Unlike scaf fold infusion techniques, however, the ability to print with live cells directly opens the door to fabrication of heterogeneous tissue implants.
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From page 38... ...
With some modeling, it is even possible to combine cases and adjust the severity of cases on demand in order to challenge training surgeons at exactly the right level for the best learning experience. With multimaterial bioprinting, the training models could be fabricated with biological materials to provide an even more realistic training experience that also provides the feel and the responsiveness of the real wet tissue.
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From page 39... ...
The recipe dictates which material goes where and what in-line cooking procedure is applied during deposition and after. We have printed with all the materials above and more, creating chocolate confections with frosted decorations and vanilla cookies with vertical text lettering in chocolate inside.
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From page 40... ...
I have seen over and over how fresh students faced with the blank page of CAD and the unlimited capability of a 3D printer design nothing more than a rectangular object with a few linear notches. To a large extent, this is a cultural blindness evolved out of years of observing mass-produced objects made subject to traditional manufacturing constraints.
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From page 41... ...
Reprinted courtesy of Cornell University and http://creativemachines.cornell.edu.
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From page 42... ...
Specify those requirements, hit the design button, and watch how the optimal design emerges automatically. The optimal design will not be a block with rectangular notches and holes.
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From page 43... ...
The solution may be in the form of simple CAD applications dedicated to a narrow product and which encapsulate all the relevant knowledge, yet expose just the right level of flexibility to the user. Such FabApps (term coined by Daniel Cohen and Jeffrey Lipton)
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From page 44... ...
2010. Multi-material food printing with complex internal structure suitable for conventional post-processing.
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