Research Methods to Assess Dietary Intake and Program Participation in Child Day Care Application to the Child and Adult Care Food Program: Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Alignment of Young Children's Dietary Intake with Current Dietary Guidance
2 Alignment of Young Children's Dietary Intake with Current Dietary Guidance
Pages 15-34
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 15... ...
She explored ways that the methods used in these studies could provide "some starting ground" for thinking about optimal approaches to collecting data in a nationally representative study of child day care, including CACFP. She also pointed out how the child day care setting presents unique challenges that need to be addressed.
|
From page 16... ...
Based on comments made at various times throughout the workshop, other speakers and participants seemed to generally agree with Benjamin Neelon's assessment that the preferred method for collecting data to assess nutrient intake is direct observation in the child care setting, coupled with 24-hour dietary recalls1 of intake both inside and outside the care facility. Finally, Beth Dixon considered the different types of dietary data that can be collected in child care settings and elaborated on the trade-off between project scope and data detail (i.e., with fixed funding, the larger the scope of a study, the less detailed the dietary data collection)
|
From page 17... ...
The 2002 and 2008 FITS studies assessed the usual dietary intakes of infants and toddlers and included special procedures for collecting and processing dietary intake data for these age groups. In addition, the SNDA and FITS studies included national samples and provided data that informed previous Institute of Medicine (IOM)
|
From page 18... ...
Given that CACFP feeds infants and toddlers and the unique challenges of collecting dietary intake data on those age groups, Fox suggested that some of the procedures developed by FITS researchers may be useful in a national study of child care, including CACFP. Previous Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)
|
From page 19... ...
Finally, obtaining information about portion sizes is a particular challenge in CACFP settings. CACFP providers do not typically serve standardized portions the way schools do (e.g., No.
|
From page 20... ...
With respect to the second key research question, which pertains to children's dietary intakes and contribution of CACFP meals and snacks, useful insights about potential data collection methodologies can be obtained from SNDA, FITS, and previous CACFP studies. SNDA-III and both rounds of FITS studies (2002 and 2008)
|
From page 21... ...
Figure 2-1 Bitmapped because of the number of different age groups served in the CACFP, total sample sizes for the dietary intake component of the study may need to be quite large if the goal is to assess usual nutrient intakes for each age group. HOW TO ASSESS FOOD SERVED IN CHILD CARE SETTINGS5 The published literature describes several methodologies for assessing foods served in child care or similar settings: plate waste, direct observation, provider self-report, child care menu analysis, and food purchase receipts.
|
From page 22... ...
(2007) developed the first published protocol for using direct observation to assess dietary intake among young children in child care.
|
From page 23... ...
Provider self-report is typically used in combination with direct observation on a subsample of centers or homes. For example, both provider self-report and direct observation were used in the two CACFP studies described by Mary Kay Fox, the Early Childhood and Child Care study (Fox et al., 1997)
|
From page 24... ...
The observation data were used to calculate average portion sizes, which were then used to estimate the nutrient content of the foods offered. The strengths of provider self-report include its lower cost compared to direct observation and other methodologies; the potential to be implemented in large numbers of centers and homes; and that it can be supplemented with observation.
|
From page 25... ...
, and biomarkers (e.g., assessing iron status through a blood test, selenium with a toenail clipping, or 6 This section summarizes the presentation of Sara Benjamin Neelon from Duke University. It also describes the discussion that occurred at the end of the first session, when audience members asked questions about one of the methods that Benjamin Neelon described (indirect observation via videography or digital photography)
|
From page 26... ...
. According to Benjamin Neelon, direct observation is the most common method for assessing dietary intake in child care and is likely to provide the most specific information about foods and beverages consumed in child care.
|
From page 27... ...
Many researchers have coupled direct observation in child care with a second method to assess dietary intake at home (i.e., in the morning before child care and in the evening after child care)
|
From page 28... ...
; its potential to be used in multiple classrooms; and its appropriateness for both child care centers and homes. Indirect Observation in Child Care Benjamin Neelon described indirect observation as an "interesting alternative" to assessing dietary intake in child care.
|
From page 29... ...
The question-and-answer period at the end of the first session included some discussion about indirect observation. First, Joanne Guthrie asked about the use of digital photography as a data collection method.
|
From page 30... ...
Amounts Receipts Yes Yes No Menus Yes Possibly Possibly Staff reports Yes Possibly Likely Direct observation Yes Likely Yes SOURCE: Dixon, 2012. The more detailed the information, the greater the accuracy when comparing data to quantitative dietary recommendations and assessing overall quality of foods served or consumed.
|
From page 31... ...
or both in care and out of care (i.e., total dietary intake over the course of an entire day) , and regardless of whether one is seeking information on what is being served or consumed.
|
From page 32... ...
2008. Dietary intakes in North Carolina child-care centers: Are children meeting current recommendations?
|
From page 33... ...
2011. Nutrition practices and children's dietary intakes at 40 child-care centers in New York City.
|
From page 34... ...
2008. An instrument to assess the obesogenic environment of child care centers.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.