Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes (1989) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 6-16
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From page 6... ...
Earthquake Tosses may be estimated to: Identify especially hazardous geographical areas; . Identify especially hazardous groups of buildings or other structures; Aicl in the development of emergency response plans; Evaluate overall economic impact; ~ Formulate general strategies for earthquake hazard reduction, such as land-use plans or building codes, or evaluate the effectiveness of earthquake programs; .
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From page 7... ...
This type of largescale loss estimate study encompasses a city, region, state, or even the nation, and it looks at more than one type of loss, typically including life loss or casualties, property Toss, and functional loss or outages of essential services. A number of such studies have been completed or are under way.
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\; at ~ ~: Air L7' 8 ·— ~13 so C)
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Seeking to encourage studies that are done in a technically sound, efficient, consistent manner that will satisfy the needs of users, FEMA asked the National Research Council to provide "evaluations and recommendations with regard to methodologies which should be used for earthquake loss estimation by FEMA and state and local governments in earthquake preparedness and mitigation planning." This work statement for the council's Pane] on Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology, within the Committee on Earthquake Engineering, required that the applicability of recommended methods be
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These studies have played an important role in developing earthquake programs throughout the country, and are an important too! for initiating effective programs in areas where earthquakes are a significant threat but have received little attention, or where few practical hazard reduction or emergency planning countermeasures exist.
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Although the techniques used to carry out various types of studies may differ, a basic underlying method is common to airnost all loss estimation studies. The Tao Main Components of an :Earthquake Doss Estimation Study Figure 1-2 illustrates two components comprising the basic structure of a loss estimation study.
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From page 12... ...
In most loss estimates, the primary emphasis is on damage and Tosses caused directly by the shaking of the ground. The bulk of this report deals with the evaluation of the ground-shaking hazard and with the ejects of ground shaking on buildings and other facilities.
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From page 13... ...
Loss estunates based on specific earthquakes are relatively easy to understand and explain. In addition, use of specific earthquakes makes it possible to include diverse types of losses, some of which are best described partially by words rather than merely by numbers.
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When multiple losses of different types are involved, the use of multiple scenario earthquakes finds wider favor. Regardless of the number of earthquakes used to represent the seismic hazard, there is no single, uncontroversial measure of the damageability of ground motions.
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Reaching an optimum compromise requires close communication among the parties conducting the loss study. For purposes of evaluating damage, facilities are usually inventoried by placing them in different groups.
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From page 16... ...
The uncertainties in loss estimates derive Tom several sources. First is uncertainty in the ground-motion intensity and ground failures for a given event.
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