The National Academies Press

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Pages 93-117

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From page 93... ... collect enough data to assess environmental justice under existing federal, state, and local hazardous materials programs. The key to effectively integrating hazardous materials considerations into environmental justice assessment is to identify the existing hazardous materials data to be used and to integrate that data with demographic information to evaluate distributive effects to protected populations. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... From this information, we can identify the readily available hazardous materials information that can be used to perform environmental justice assessment. Corridor and project assessments Before beginning a transportation construction project, the current practice is to evaluate the transportation corridor for the existence of contaminated sites. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... . For purposes of environmental justice assessment, the Phase 1 ESA provides information for evaluating the potential effects of hazardous materials sites to protected populations. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 98 Table 4-1. Example excerpt of hazardous materials database search CERC-NFRAP Search Results 1 CERC-NFRAP site within the searched area. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... In essence, transportation projects can be a catalyst for environmental remediation that may not have otherwise occurred. Data collected during Phase 1 ESAs have the greatest potential for use in hazardous materials environmental justice planning. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... is the primary national database used to report and track hazardous materials spills. This information can be used to determine if past accidental release patterns may disproportionately affect protected populations. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... This repository would result in a large volume of high-level radioactive waste being transported throughout the United States. Environmental justice assessment of hazardous materials transport would include assessment of disproportionate impacts to target populations as a result of selected alignments and transportation facility locations. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... Census data from LandView III Source: EPA 1998. METHODS Environmental justice assessment of transportation-related hazardous materials effects should use methods that match the overall complexity of the project or program being evaluated. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... It involves evaluating the presence of both hazardous materials sites and protected populations in the study area. When the two are present in the same area, there is the potential for environmental justice concern and the need to perform further review. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... More information on data sources is provided in Chapter 2. The desktop assessment technique is limited to identifying hazardous materials sites near areas used by protected populations. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... This approach, although somewhat data intensive, is also suitable for reviewing regional or even statewide hazardous materials programs. Analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... The characterization could be based on, for example, the number of hazardous materials sites within 1 mile of the subarea. If subareas vary greatly in size, it may be necessary to convert the score to an area-weighted measure, such as the number of hazardous facilities per square mile. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... That is, there is a 5 percent or less probability that the observed discrepancy between observed and expected frequencies would occur by chance alone. Thus, the subjective impression that the availability of hazardous materials is not equitably distributed between protected and nonprotected populations is confirmed statistically. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... Hazardous materials transport screening study When to use. Assessing environmental justice aspects of accidental hazardous materials releases in transportation corridors is based on the risk to protected populations compared to that of the rest of the population. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... In some states (e.g., Georgia) , holders of hazardous materials transport permits are required to file annual reports detailing the type and amount of hazardous materials transported and the origins and destinations of transport. Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... and through small-area interpolation it is estimated that 2,000 live in a zone near hazardous materials transport routes, then an estimated 20 percent of the protected population lives in the proximate zone. This calculation is then repeated for the nonprotected population. Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... A discrepancy is defined as a difference in the proportion of the protected population and the proportion of nonprotected population in proximity. A statistically significant difference exists if the observed difference could not be explained by chance alone. Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... Hazardous materials transport -- probability modeling When to use. This method is used to analyze the risk to protected and nonprotected populations associated with accidental release of hazardous materials in transit. Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... Analysis. This method depends heavily on the performance of a material flow survey, as described in greater detail in Guidance for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys (U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 112... ... • U.S. DOT Hazardous Materials Information System. Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... Define an impact function for each type and volume of material transported per the materials flow survey. Use published nighttime (i.e., worst-case) Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... Using the techniques described in Steps 3 and 4 of Method 4 in Chapter 3, overlay the risk surface with the population surface to analyze potential distributive effects on risk of exposure to hazardous materials for protected versus nonprotected populations. Data needs, assumptions, and limitations. Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... Due to the complexity of the method, it should only be undertaken if a screening study has indicated that the amount or frequency of hazardous material transport is not evenly distributed between protected and nonprotected populations. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... 2001. Health Risks and Environmental Inequity: A Geographical Analysis of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Materials. Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... 1995. Guidance for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys. Read the entire page →

From page 93...

... collect enough data to assess environmental justice under existing federal, state, and local hazardous materials programs. The key to effectively integrating hazardous materials considerations into environmental justice assessment is to identify the existing hazardous materials data to be used and to integrate that data with demographic information to evaluate distributive effects to protected populations.