Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 5, Vanpools and Buspools (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 29-41
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From page 29... ...
In 1991, the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey found about 0.3 percent of all work trips nationally being made in a shared ride vehicle with 5 or more occupants (Comsis and ITE, 1993; van der Knaap, 1996)
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From page 30... ...
. By the mid-1990s, the estimated mix of program types was 25 percent employer sponsored vans, 65 percent third party vanpools, and 10 percent owner-operator vans (van der Knaap, 1996)
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From page 31... ...
. Relative Buspool Market Share Buspooling surfaced as a recognized urban transportation mode in the late 1960s, at least half a decade before the invention of formal vanpool programs.
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From page 32... ...
. In suburban Chicago, Pace vanpool participants tend to have somewhat higher household incomes than other Pace transit riders, and to be largely indistinguishable from the general population (Michael Baker et al., 1997; Pace Suburban Bus Service, 1993)
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From page 33... ...
Sources of New Ridership and Vanpooler Turnover In examining sources of new vanpool (or buspool) ridership, it is potentially useful to differentiate between new or relatively new vanpool programs and ongoing programs.
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From page 34... ...
The late 1970s demonstration projects illustrate typical results, summarized in Table 5-15, with respect to ridership sources. 5-33 Table 5-14 Former Commute Mode of 1970s Chicago and San Francisco Vanpoolers Table 5-15 Former Commute Mode of Late 1970s Demonstration Project Vanpoolers in Four Areas Chicago San Francisco Golden Gate Demonstration Former Mode Wards First 9 Months (Downtown)
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From page 35... ...
. The Spring of 1993 survey of Pace vanpoolers in suburban Chicago revealed that 4 percent had been Pace vanpool members for less than 3 months, 24 percent for 3 to 6 months, 66 percent for 5-34 Table 5-16 King County Metro Vanpooler Prior Commute Modes, Systemwide Sample Prior Modes Samples Percent Prior Modes Samples Percent No Commute 24 1.9% Bike 2 0.2% Drive Alone 642 51.2 Walk 3 0.2 Carpool 263 21.0 Bus 192 15.3 Vanpool 127 10.1 Total 1,253 100% Note: The existence of bike and walk prior modes suggests that some travelers surveyed may have been involved in a different (shorter)
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From page 36... ...
. These vanpool person trip length figures also bracket the results of a 1990 nationwide survey of commuter transportation organizations, in which average vanpool one-way trip lengths were reported as 32 to 35 miles (Spence, 1990)
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From page 37... ...
This concept is examined further within the case study, "The 3M Company Employer Based Vanpool Program." Pace vanpoolers complained about the time required to pick up passengers in a 1993 survey (Pace Suburban Bus Service, 1993)
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From page 38... ...
It is instructive to compare actual vanpooling experience in the Greater Seattle area of Puget Sound with these theoretical market potential estimates of 5 percent, or alternatively 2 to 3 percent, of work trips. The observed Greater Seattle vanpool mode share had already reached 2 percent of the overall commuter market as of 1999 (WSDOT, 2000; Enoch, 2003)
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From page 39... ...
employers overall are under any type of mandatory trip reduction requirement. Although voluntary rates of employer participation have never been researched for vanpool programs per se, the proportion of larger and smaller firms offering ridesharing assistance in the early 1980s was examined in Atlanta, Cincinnati, Houston, Portland, and Seattle as part of the National Ridesharing Demonstration Program.
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From page 40... ...
Number of Vanpools 252 vanpools Number of Vanpool Commuters 2,423 commuters Daily Vanpool Person Trips 4,846 person trips Vehicle Trip Reduction 2,529 vehicle trips Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) Reduction 119,956 vehicle miles VOC Emissions Reduction 0.0666 tons NOx Emissions Reduction 0.156 tons CO Emissions Reduction 0.639 tons Note: VOC reduction adjusted for cold starts for 38 percent of participants and model improvements.
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From page 41... ...
Operating costs of the core Pace VIP vanpool program are virtually all covered by fares: the cost recovery ratio was 92.42 percent in 1995 and 105.27 percent (estimated)
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