Research Needs Associated with Particulate Emissions at Airports (2008) / Chapter Skim
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From page 5... ...
, organic chemicals from incomplete fuel combustion or from lubrication oil, abraded metals, as well as PM present in the ambient air due to natural sources, such as soil or dust particles, and allergens (such as fragments of pollen or mold spores)
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Ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles typically exhibit different behaviors in the atmosphere as the ambient residence time of particles varies with size. Ultrafine particles have a relatively short life, on the order of minutes to hours, and generally travel from less than a mile to less than 10 mi since they are likely to grow larger into fine particles.
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Smaller particles are more likely to enter the respiratory system. Health studies have shown a significant association between exposure to fine and ultrafine particles and premature death from heart or lung disease.
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from jet engines. These limit the amount of NOx emitted, which can produce nitrates that condense in the atmosphere hours to days after emissions forming secondary volatile particles.
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Aircraft engine particulate emissions have not been well studied or characterized in the past and are only now being tested. Smoke number data are in the ICAO databank, but are only surrogates for PM emissions via the First Order Approximation (FOA)
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From page 10... ...
These studies commonly find the deposits are typical of the material found throughout urban areas that come from diesel trucks, construction activity, wind-blown dust, pollen, and mold. This is perhaps not unexpected since the PM from aircraft and APUs is comprised of fine or ultrafine particles, which are too small to settle gravitationally or to be deposited by impacting stationary surfaces and remain suspended in the atmosphere.
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From page 11... ...
. 17 Federal Aviation Administration, Office of the Environment and Energy AEDT News, (1:1)
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