Local and Regional Funding Mechanisms for Public Transportation (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 39-49
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 39... ...
0 Guidance in Considering New Local and Regional Funding Sources for Public Transportation 73 United States Department of the Treasury. "Fact Sheets -- Taxes: State and Local Taxes." Available at http://www.treasury.gov/education/fact_sheets/ taxes/state-local.shtml.
|
From page 40... ...
Knowledge and understanding of these overarching revenue-raising and spending traditions and philosophies are essential to fashioning a workable and effective strategy for enhancing local and regional transit funding mechanisms either by conforming to them or by attempting to alter them. Types of Public Transportation Agencies Transit operating agencies are organized in several basic ways.
|
From page 41... ...
Distribution of public transportation agencies by type and size of population area (2005)
|
From page 42... ...
, "Future Financing Options to Meet Highway and Transit Needs," and published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 102.75 Revenue Yield Revenue yield is the single most important criterion in pursuing revenue sources for public transportation. Revenue yield measures whether the funding source can provide a significant level of revenue given the expenditures required.
|
From page 43... ...
Table 4.2. General advantages and disadvantages of traditional local and regional public transportation funding sources.
|
From page 44... ...
People paying the tax have no say within the local government imposing the tax. Narrow tax base.
|
From page 45... ...
Utility Taxes/Fees All households pay. Has proven to be a useful alternative funding source in areas where scale of the economy and sales taxes may not provide a broad tax base to support transit Revenues from some utilities are impacted by energy conservation policies.
|
From page 46... ...
TCRP Report 31: Funding Strategies for Public Transportation -- Volume 2: Casebook. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1998.
|
From page 47... ...
As before, both motor fuel taxes and "sin" taxes have been included in Table 4.3 because of the widespread use of these taxes as state, regional, and/or local revenue sources, although not typically for public transportation.
|
From page 48... ...
48 Traditional Revenue Sources Source Revenue Yield CostEfficiency Equity Economic Efficiency Political, Popular Acceptance Technical Feasibility Adequacy, Stability Administrative, Compliance Cost Evasion General Revenues H H L M M H Sales Taxes H H L M M H Property Taxes H H L M M H Contract/ Purchase-ofService Revenue L L L L H H Lease Revenue L L L L H H Vehicle Fees H H M M L H Advertising Revenues L L L L H H Concession Revenues L L L L H H Common Business, Activity, and Related Sources Employer/ Payroll Taxes H H M H L H Car Rental Fees M H L M M H Vehicle Lease Fees M H L M M H Parking Fees M H L M L H Realty Transfer Taxes/Mortgage Recording Fees M H L L M H Corporate Franchise Taxes Oil H H M M M H Long lines taxes M H L M M H Room/ Occupancy Taxes L M L L H H Business License Fees L M M M L M Utility Taxes/Fees M H L L L H Income Taxes H H H L L H Donations L L L L H H Revenue Streams from Projects Joint Development L L L L H H Value Capture L L L L M H Beneficiary Charges Districts L L M L M H Special Assessment L L M L M H Table 4.3. Performance of alternative local and regional public transportation funding sources.
|
From page 49... ...
M M L L L M Airport Passenger Facility Charges M M L L M H Key: H Strong Performance M Modest Performance L Marginal Performance V Variable aNet revenues may be negative but projects are delivered more quickly. Table 4.3.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.