Transportation's Role in Emergency Evacuation and Reentry (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B - Emergency Management Roles and Processes in Evacuation
Appendix B - Emergency Management Roles and Processes in Evacuation
Pages 85-96
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From page 85... ...
National Incident Management System Following the terrorist attacks of 2001 and the creation of the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) , the federal government initiated the development of a standardized, structured framework to coordinate emergency preparedness and incident management planning and operations for governmental and nongovermental agencies across federal, state, and local levels.
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From page 86... ...
The directive also required Federal departments to make adoption of NIMS by state, tribal, and local organizations a condition for Federal preparedness assistance beginning in 2005. In addition, all state, tribal, and local emergency personnel with a direct role in emergency preparedness, incident management or response were required to certify themselves as NIMS-compliant by October 2006.
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From page 87... ...
and set frameworks for decision-making; designate agency roles and responsibilities, implement communication systems and protocols; and develop emergency training and drills to maintain readiness; and revise and update plans. In terms of the role of transportation in preparedness, this is an area in which agencies like DOTs and DPWs have significant involvement.
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From page 88... ...
Response Activities in the response step of the process include the mobilization and implementation of first responders and emergency support staff; the allocation of resources at the disaster locations; the issuance of evacuation orders; and carrying out its implementation. In recent past evacuations transportation agencies have supported these types of response activities by supplying barricades and other control devices and support staff necessary to implement road closures and contraflow operations.
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From page 89... ...
The Texas State Emergency Management Plan (TDEM 2001) has a general multi-hazard evacuation plan; however, specific hurricane evacuation planning is left up to local coastal jurisdictions.
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From page 90... ...
Ultimately this information is used to show that the costs of response efforts, such as emergency personnel overtime, other emergency services, and damage to citizens, is beyond state and local recovery capabilities exceeding available state and local resources. Based on the results of the assessment, a governor submits a written request to the President through a FEMA regional office.
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From page 91... ...
As a storm nears landfall or if conditions change significantly from what was forecast, the NHC will issue intermediate advisories every two hours. Although they use the latest storm monitoring and computer modeling techniques to develop their forecasts, the current state-of-theart is such that these forecasts contain uncertainty in the time frame of one to three days out, when evacuation decisions need to be made.
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From page 92... ...
Clearance times are often estimated using evacuation traffic models, which are themselves dependant on data such as the population anticipated to evacuate, the number of lanes available for evacuation, and other travel impacts that will affect the evacuation, including road closures and blocked lanes. The amount of time required for clearance can also be significantly lengthened by en route congestion and the setup time required for complex control features, such as those required for contraflow.
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From page 93... ...
is responsible for developing emergency procedures and coordinating preparedness, response, and recovery functions for hurricanes. GOHSEP uses a four-step "activation" process that transitions their staff from routine operation through the various stages of readiness and response ultimately leading to recovery after the storm (LA OEP 2001)
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From page 94... ...
GOHSEP staff begins to coordinate with the LaDOTD to clear evacuation routes of all obstructions and to collect traffic volume data on key routes on an eight-hour basis. The Louisiana National Guard also determined the need to activate National Guard liaison officers to facilitate the allocation of resources required by local emergency management officials, such as the use of military vehicles for evacuation transportation.
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From page 95... ...
Although people who receive such warnings are not required to evacuate, it is to their advantage to do so. In hurricane scenarios, recommended evacuation orders are targeted toward people most vulnerable to hurricane storm surge and extreme winds, including offshore workers, persons on coastal islands, and other special populations having particularly long lead-time requirements.
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From page 96... ...
Under such conditions emergency management officials acknowledge that if a person wants to stay, the state will not physically remove them even if it is absolutely certain that they would be harmed. In discussions with county law enforcement officials in California, it was found that some deputies were able to encourage mandatory evacuations by compelling parents to release minor children to authorities under child endangerment laws.
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