Safety Management Systems for Airports, Volume 2: Guidebook (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 45-61
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From page 45... ...
Develop an SMS implementation plan 2. Obtain the approval of the airport safety policy and safety objectives 3.
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From page 46... ...
3.5 Develop and Document SMS Organization Chart The SMS organizational chart is prepared and approved by the Accountable Executive PHASE 2 4.1 Develop Process to Track Changes in Legal Requirements and Standards Define and approve the process to identify, access, and evaluate current laws, regulations, and internal organizational requirements that are applicable to the safety aspects of airport activities 4.2 Establish SMS Documents and Records Management Process Define the process for the approval, review, distribution, and disposition of SMS-related documents and records 4.3 Establish Process to Maintain SMS Data Define the process for the identification, management, and disposition of safety data 4.4 Establish Non-Punitive Reporting System Develop, maintain, and document a nonpunitive reporting process 5 4 PHASE 3 5.1 Internal Safety Investigations accident and incident investigations to determine root causes Develop and implement the process to conduct 5.2 Proactive Processes for Hazard Identification and Reporting Describe and implement the processes for hazard identification and reporting 5.3 Process for Risk Assessment Document and implement the process for safety risk management 5.4 Process for Establishing Risk Control Action Plans Define, document, and implement the process to develop risk control action plans, assign responsibilities, and obtain approval 5.5 Create Safety Committee(s) reference for safety committee(s)
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Item Task Description 6 PHASE 4 6.1 Process for Performance Monitoring Implement a process to monitor safety trends, expressed in terms of performance indicators 6.2 Process for Management Review Implement process for management review of SMS performance 6.3 Process for Safety and SMS Assessments Create operationally independent assessment function with the authority required to carry out an effective internal safety evaluation program 6.4 Develop Training Program Develop and implement process for evaluating current training programs and creating an SMS training program 6.5 Develop Safety Communications and Promotion Programs Implement process to ensure that safety information is communicated to and from personnel 7 PHASE 5 7.1 Extend SMS Scope When required, this phase is used to extend the initial SMS scope (e.g., from airside only to all airport activities) and coordinate with SMS from stakeholders, when available 8 SCHEDULE Scheduled periods for each task (see Figure 4)
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From page 48... ...
Example schedule for SMS implementation.
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As such our commitment is to: • continuously promote a safety culture across all our activities that recognizes the importance of safety and the value of effective safety management; A safety policy is a clear indication of management commitment toward safety. It should be widely publicized.
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With a clearly defined target, we can establish whether we have made the desired improvement. In many cases, we may be able to track progress 50 Safety Management Systems for Airports • ensure that all staff are aware of their accountability and responsibility in the execution of and participation in the safety management program; • proactively manage the risks associated with accidents or incidents to a point which is as low as reasonably practicable/achievable; • verify that all externally supplied systems and services that impact upon the safety of our operations meet appropriate local, national and contractual safety standards; • comply with and wherever possible exceed legislative and regulatory requirements and standards; • provide all our staff with adequate and appropriate safety information and training, to ensure that they are competent in the performance of their duties; • measure our safety performance against objectives or targets on a regular basis, and take mitigation control actions to improve safety when appropriate; • strive for the highest levels of safety standards and performance in all our activities; • continually improve our safety performance; conduct safety and management reviews; and ensure relevant actions are taken.
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From page 51... ...
Each airport unit may then be given different targets that reflect its scope for improvement. We may also find that, having looked at all the contributing factors, we can only realistically expect to hit an 8% reduction in ramp accidents this year.
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52 Safety Management Systems for Airports Objective Reduce number of ramp accidents by X% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of speeding violations at the ramp by X% in 1 year Goal Develop and enforce airside rules and regulations in 6 months Goal Reduce number of airside driving infractions by Y% in 1 year Goal Create and implement five airside SOPs in 6 months Goal Reduce number of incidents involving damage to stationary aircraft by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving damage to moving aircraft by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving passenger handling equipment by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving aircraft loading equipment by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving aircraft service equipment by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving jet blast by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving passenger handling equipment by Y% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of incidents involving fuel spillage by Y% in 1 year Objective Reduce number of job related injuries at the ramp by X% in 1 year Objective Reduce number of runway incursions by X% in 1 year Objective Reduce number of bird strikes by X% in 1 year Goal Reduce number of bird strikes by Y% during the summer Objective Increase the number of training sessions by X% in 2 years Objective Reduce number of FOD occurrences by X% in 6 months Objective/Goal Description Objective Implement a safety management system for the airport in 2 years Goal Install a non-punitive reporting system in 1 year Goal Implement a document and records control system in 6 months Goal Provide basic SMS training to airport employees in 1 year Objective Reduce number of airside accidents by X% in 1 year Objective Reduce number of airside incidents by X% in 1 year Table 6. Typical airport safety goals and objectives.
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From page 53... ...
SMS Implementation 53 A non-exhaustive list of common SPIs used by airports follows: • Number of airside accidents • Number of airside incidents • Number of job-related injuries at the ramp • Number of job-related injuries at other airside areas • Number of runway incursions • Number of incidents involving wildlife • Number of airside driving infractions • Damage to stationary aircraft -- By passenger handling equipment -- By aircraft loading equipment -- By aircraft service equipment • Damage to moving aircraft -- By another aircraft -- By jet blast -- By gate guidance procedure -- By fixed objects -- By parked ground equipment -- By FOD • Property/equipment damage from jet blast • Equipment to equipment damage • Number of spillage incidents • Number of training sessions delivered In most cases, the number of accidents can provide a good indication of trends but may not help identify the processes that lead to those accidents. Therefore, a good SPI should have the following characteristics: • Able to reflect a causal link between a latent condition and possible accidents • Easily measured • Objective • Consistent across time • Not everything needs to be measured • Not everything can be measured • Some of these indicators can be misleading (e.g., number of violation tickets)
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From page 54... ...
Determine the safety targets a. Reduce speed b.
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Similar to the SMS Champion, who is in charge of the SMS implementation, the SMS Manager should have access to both top management and line personnel; the SMS Manager should be knowledgeable in the operational activities of the airport and be respected by the whole organization. SMS Implementation 55 Normalizing accident rates makes these numbers comparable To normalize your rates you can multiply your annual accident rate by 10,000 movements and divide by the total number of movements during that year.
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, whereas the SMS Manager will most likely need to know about risk management, safety investigation, and interviewing techniques. Information on levels of training and suggested programs is found in Section 6.8.
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Both management SMS Implementation 57 Develop Safety Document the SMS Develop Implementation Plan Develop Safety Policy Objectives Goals Appoint Safety Manager Safety Team Safety Responsibilities Develop SMS Processes Documentation Process SMS Manual Data Management Records Management Legal & Others Safety Risk Management Hazard Identification Risk assessment Investigation Process Reporting Process Emergency Response Process Operating Procedures Corrective Action Plans Training Continuous Improvement of the Safety System Performance Measurement & Monitoring Performance Measurement & Monitoring Audit Impact of Changes Communication Processes Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 SMS IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Training Step 6 Step 1 Figure 5. SMS implementation steps.
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Promote each SMS process throughout the organization at every phase of implementation so that all employees understand how it works, what its purpose is, and how they can help. Use Existing Processes and Procedures Many of the processes that are needed to satisfy SMS requirements probably already exist within your airport organization to some extent.
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The organizational and administrative structure of these organizations can provide a forum for the sharing of information and employee commitment. Possible means to engage labor unions in the SMS processes include explaining the SMS, how the system will be implemented, and their specific roles to support it (e.g., getting them involved in the development of non-punitive reporting systems; defining safety objectives; etc.)
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60 Safety Management Systems for Airports When you design SMS processes, make sure you take into consideration cultural differences. For example, certain societies cherish openness and sharing of information, while others are more reserved.
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This support can be given by offering advice, coordinating safety activities, sharing information, and providing an independent view when it comes to incident and accident investigations. Airport Stakeholders Most aviation organizations employ a number of service providers, contractors, and suppliers on a temporary or permanent basis to support operational and administrative activities.
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