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Pages 74-91

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From page 74... ... Industry Use of Type II, III, and IV Fluids Mixes Type II, III, and IV anti-icing fluids are available at fluid concentrations of 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50. Fluid holdover times are derived from endurance time test results measured using fluid mixed to these concentrations. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Examination of Current Government and Industry Regulations, Guidance Materials, and Standards Related to the Use of Fluid Dilutions A literature review was conducted of current government and industry regulations, guidance material, and standards related to the use of fluid dilutions to identify if there is a need for changes or further approvals to accommodate the use of fluid dilutions. The documents that were reviewed included: • SAE guidelines in SAE ARP 4737 that address procedures for the application of Type I, II, III, and IV fluids in both onestep and two-step de/anti-icing procedures; • Various regulatory, government and industry documentation, guidance material, and standards; and • Holdover time guidance material and documentation published annually by TC, AEA, and the FAA. Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... in the deicing industry and are now involved in training programs. The following organizations were represented in the focus group: • Aero Tech Consulting • Aeroflot • Aeromag 2000, Montreal • Aeromag-Contego, Cleveland • Air Canada • Air France • Alaska Airlines • All Nippon Airways • American Airlines • Basic Solutions • British Airways • Contego Systems • Contego Systems, Denver • Continental Airlines • Delta Airlines • East Line Techniques • EFM Munich • FAA • FedEx • Horizon Air • Hungarian Airlines • Integrated Deicing Systems • KLM • Leading Edge Deicing Specialists • Malmö Aviation • MeteoGroup • N* Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Typical costs for purchasing different fluid blends are documented, as well as supplemental capital costs for proportional blending systems, and operational costs for additional training and maintenance. The examination discusses typical fluid amounts dispensed for various aircraft types. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... This section describes these assumptions and the specific calculations that are used in the model. To calculate the volume of Type I concentrate required to produce the volume of Type I ready-to-use fluid currently used annually, three figures are required: • The volume of fluid required at each OAT; • The required FFP for each OAT; and • The percentage concentrate of fluid required to achieve the required FFPs for the OATs. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... The annual financial savings are determined by: • Calculating the annual savings in fluid costs by comparing the cost of fluid in the current operation (volume of fluid required in the current operation × price of current Type I ready-to-use and/or Type II/III/IV concentrate fluid) to the cost of the fluid in a diluted operation (volume of concen79 Concentrate Required for FFP FFP (°C) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... ; and • Type II/III/IV: Subtracting the liters of neat fluid required in the diluted operation from the liters of neat fluid required in the standard operation and multiplying by the glycol percentage in the neat fluid. The years to breakeven are determined by: • Comparing the annual financial savings to the initial investment required (set-up costs plus capital costs) Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... 81 Table 48. SAE Type I deicing fluid application procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... SAE Type II, Type III, Type IV anti-icing fluid application procedures. Source: Table 7 of TC Holdover Time Guidelines Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... No respondents indicated current use of a Type III fluid mix at this time. For Type I fluid applications, the extent of use of a 10°C buffer and a 10 to 20°C buffer were about equal. Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... inadequacies from deicing fluids. The freeze point of a typical Type I 50/50 fluid mix varies from approximately −26°C to approximately −38°C depending primarily upon the type of glycol used. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... For the second step of the two-step procedure, Type II showed very little use and that only at 100/0 strength. Use of Type III Fluids This fluid type, introduced early in the first decade of the 21st century, was intended to fill the need for a longer holdover time than Type I fluids, while being able to be pumped and applied by the existing conventional deicing units with a piston type pump system. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... for the Transportation Research Board. The model makes several assumptions that may not be accurate in every business and/or operational environment. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... It shows that by switching to Type I diluted fluids, the user in this scenario will save $1,111,122 annually, will prevent 203,307 liters of glycol from entering the environment, and will recoup the initial investment (capital costs and setup costs) in the second year. Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 BACKGROUND QUESTIONS - GENERAL 1. Are you considering switching from a Type I ready-to-use fluid to 1. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... CAPITAL COSTS - NEW EQUIPMENT a) Cost of new blending trucks/equipment b) Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... Financial Savings $1,111,122 Glycol Savings 203307 liters Initial Investment Required to Switch to Diluted Fluids Set-up Costs $19,000 Capital Costs $1,150,000 Winter Seasons to Breakeven 2 See next page (Breakeven Schedule) for further details Figure 34. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... BREAKEVEN SCHEDULE Winter Season Capital Costs Setup Costs Operational Savings Total Savings Lifetime Savings Breakeven Year 1 $1,150,000 $19,000 $1,111,122 -$57,878 -$57,878 no 2 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $1,053,243 yes 3 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $2,164,365 reached prior 4 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $3,275,487 reached prior 5 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $4,386,609 reached prior 6 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $5,497,730 reached prior 7 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $6,608,852 reached prior 8 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $7,719,974 reached prior 9 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $8,831,095 reached prior 10 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $9,942,217 reached prior 11 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $11,053,339 reached prior 12 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $12,164,460 reached prior 13 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $13,275,582 reached prior 14 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $14,386,704 reached prior 15 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $15,497,826 reached prior 16 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $16,608,947 reached prior 17 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $17,720,069 reached prior 18 n/a n/a $1,111,122 $1,111,122 $18,831,191 reached prior non-recurring basis. Additional maintenance training is required, since most modern blending systems incorporate microprocessor controllers and in-line refractometers. Read the entire page →

From page 74...

... Industry Use of Type II, III, and IV Fluids Mixes Type II, III, and IV anti-icing fluids are available at fluid concentrations of 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50. Fluid holdover times are derived from endurance time test results measured using fluid mixed to these concentrations.