Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports (2011) / Chapter Skim
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From page 52... ...
Handbook for Using AFIT, the Alternative Fuels Investigation Tool Companion to ACRP Report 46 A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M 2011
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H-5 Chapter 2 Conducting a Cost–Benefit Analysis of Alternative Jet Fuel Use H-5 2.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis Assessment Process H-5 2.2 Using AFIT H-10 Chapter 3 Evaluating the Results of an Alternative Jet Fuel Cost–Benefit Analysis H-10 3.1 Emissions H-10 3.2 Costs H-11 3.3 Health Benefits from Improved Air Quality H-11 3.4 Making the Decision to Use an Alternative Jet Fuel H-12 Appendix A Cost–Benefit Computations H-13 Appendix B Sources of Data H-14 Appendix C Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations H-15 Appendix D Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions H-17 References C O N T E N T S
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Alternative fuels represent one potential strategy for airports to address their GHG emissions compared to other industries and reduce their carbon footprints. Using alternative jet fuel in place of conventional jet fuel (Jet A)
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The EPA has already reduced the allowable sulfur content of diesel fuel for on-road vehicles and has regulations in place to phase in restrictions on the sulfur content of diesel for off-road vehicles, including GSE. Removing sulfur from Jet A to produce a ULS jet fuel will significantly reduce PM and SOx emissions from aircraft as well as GSE using that fuel.
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AFIT produces a report enumerating the costs and potential savings that can come from using alternative jet fuel and summarizes changes to an airport's emissions inventory. Additional details on using AFIT are presented in the following sections of the handbook.
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4. Emissions -- emissions affecting air quality as well as lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions; both are provided for the current fuel and the alternative fuel.
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diesel fuel facilities are to be used or whether fuel supplied to GSE and other diesel equipment will use the jet fuel supply system. These fields activate other functions and calculations in AFIT to help guide the user through the analysis process.
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Because conventional jet fuel is not allowed for use in GSE, the AFIT tool will only examine GSE emissions if the ULSJ box is selected. The user selects the fuel being used in the aircraft and GSE by selecting the appropriate boxes underneath "Aircraft Fuel" and "Ground Support Equipment Fuel." If the user had previously selected "Jet A," then the AFIT tool would automatically select "ULS Diesel" for the "Ground Support Equipment Fuel," and the "Alternative" option would not be available.
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It is important to note that the emissions displayed are adjusted for this analysis and are not intended to match the EDMS results. To determine the life-cycle emissions of a fuel, a specific feedstock and production pathway must be selected from the list of potential alternative jet fuels using the pull-down menu.
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H-9 Report The "Report" tab, Figure 5, compiles the information input by the user, calculated by AFIT, and derived from EDMS to represent, on a single page, the comparison in costs to deliver an alternative drop-in fuel and the reduced emissions that result. The user can view the summary cost and emissions data for comparison.
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While there may not be an issue with the GSE engine warranty, this represents a potential cost that has not yet been completely C H A P T E R 3 Evaluating the Results of an Alternative Jet Fuel Cost–Benefit Analysis 1The AFIT tool was based on the best data that was available at the time of AFIT publication. However, additional testing of the emissions from alternative fuel combustion was ongoing at that time, and additional work was being devoted to estimating life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions.
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3.4 Making the Decision to Use an Alternative Jet Fuel The analysis conducted by AFIT is meant to inform the user about the potential economic costs and changes in emissions that could result from switching to an alternative fuel. The results are best viewed as a screening assessment of whether an airport should consider an alternative jet fuel for use in aircraft and/or diesel-engine GSE.
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A simple financing cost calculation is also supplied for the avoided diesel fueling system construction costs since these costs are likely to be significant and financed over time. Emissions Baseline emissions are imported from an EDMS study.
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However, if the fuel producer and fuel buyer go into a longterm contract, then the fuel producer may sell its product at a discount to conventional jet fuel. Because of this, AFIT has a default assumption that the price of the alternative fuel is assumed to be 90% of conventional jet fuel.
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H-14 ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program AFIT Alternative Fuels Investigation Tool ASTM the American Society of Testing and Materials CAAFI the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide Drop In a fuel that can be mixed in with existing fuels in the system with no deleterious effect EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EPA the Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration GHG greenhouse gas GSE ground support equipment Jet A conventional jet fuel LC life cycle LC CO2e life-cycle CO2 emissions NOx nitrogen oxides PM particulate matter SOx sulfur oxide SPK synthetic paraffinic kerosene ULSJ ultralow sulfur jet fuel USAF United States Air Force A P P E N D I X C Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations*
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. The life-cycle GHG emissions from a variety of potential alternative jet fuels are plotted in Figure 6; these data are from the analysis of Stratton et al.
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H-16 Land-Use Change Scenario 0 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Switchgrass None Carbon depleted soils converted to switchgrass cultivation n/a n/a Soy oil None Grassland conversion to soybean field Tropical rainforest conversion to soybean field n/a Palm oil None Logged-over forest conversion to palm plantation field Tropical rainforest conversion to palm plantation field Peatland rainforest conversion to palm plantation field Rapeseed oil None Set-aside land converted to rapeseed cultivation n/a n/a Salicornia None Desert land converted to Salicornia cultivation field n/a n/a Figure 6. Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from a variety of potential alternative fuel pathways that could result in SPK, ULS, or conventional fuels [from Stratton et al.
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PARTNER Project 28 Report: Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Alternative Jet Fuels, Version 1.0. Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction Report No.
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