Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports (2011) / Chapter Skim
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2.1 Potentially Viable Alternative Turbine Engine Fuels 2.1.1 Composition of Current Jet Fuel Although turbine engines can in theory operate with a broad range of fuels, the requirements of high altitude flight and the existing infrastructure place considerable limitations on which fuels could be deemed viable for use in aviation turbine engines. Safety is of paramount importance in terms of both handling the fuel and of aircraft operation.
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. Alternative jet fuels with either reduced fuel sulfur content or reduced fuel aromatics content offer the potential to reduce PM emissions.
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allows up to 3,000 ppm sulfur; however, jet fuel in the market has a lower sulfur content. Worldwide surveys conducted during 2007 found that annual weighted average jet fuel sulfur content ranged from 321 to 800 ppm (Taylor, 2009)
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Only neat F-T fuel or F-T fuel blended with an ultralow sulfur jet fuel would be able to meet the EPA's diesel sulfur limits for use in GSE. 2.2.5 Engine Modifications and Maintenance Changes The major issues identified with switching to the identified viable alternatives to Jet A are the low aromatic and low sulfur contents.
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The military did not find any increased maintenance requirements in using jet fuel in diesel engines; however, it did find several advantages. These include reduced nozzle fouling, increased fuel filter replacement intervals, extended oil change intervals, reduced potential for microbiological growth in fuel tanks, and reduced water emulsification problems in fuel tanks.
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either on or off the airport. In addition to diesel fuel sulfur content as noted in Section 2.2.4, an important consideration for airports considering using the same fuel for GSE as for aircraft is that the fuels are taxed separately.
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• On-airport infrastructure and operating cost savings from converting to a single airport fuel for aircraft and GSE are modest and unlikely to be a deciding factor in using an alternative jet fuel. • In view of excise tax considerations (airlines may have to pay a higher tax rate and receive a subsequent rebate for the portion of fuel used in aircraft to ensure all fuels are properly taxed)
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