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From page 57... ... This will mainly involve the placement of additional surface materials and other work necessary to return an existing roadway to a condition of structural and functional adequacy. In addition to resurfacing, 3R projects may include pavement structure repair, minor lane and shoulder widening, adding turn lanes, shoulder pavement, upgrading horizontal and vertical alignment, intersection improvements, removing or shielding roadside obstacles, modification of side slopes/ditches, drainage improvements, and signals. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... The SHA uses the 2001 AASHTO Green Book as its primary geometric design guideline. ME Yes 1991 MI Yes 1998 MN Yes 2007 MO Yes 2006 MS Yes 2001 MT Yes 2000 NC Yes 1983 ND Yes 2010 NE Yes Not approved by FHWA NH No Not approved by FHWA We use our Highway Design Manual, AASHTO Greenbook and Roadside Design Guide NJ No Not approved by FHWA Prior to 1996, the NJDOT did have 3R standards. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Within our preservation projects, we do have guidance that allows for spot safety improvements. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... If "No," please explain AK No Yes AL Yes Yes AR Yes Yes AZ No We are not doing design exceptions for non-NHS 3R (pavement preservation) projects. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... For non-NHS highways, preservation standards apply if the overlay increases the road profile by more than 2 in. For NHS highways, preservation standards apply when the thickness of new pavement is more. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... Yes TX Yes Yes UT Yes Yes VA Yes Yes VT No Examples included in the document are separate categories for vertical curves/lane widths. Yes WA No We do not use the 3R approach. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... If "Other," please explain AK Other Generally, it is a combination of pavement condition and safety analysis. AL Condition of pavement AR Safety analysis identifying as a problem location We also use 3R Guidelines as the design criteria for our Passing Lane projects. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... If "Other," please explain NV Other Our 3R program is based on a pavement life cycle: Interstate and Freeways -- 8-year cycle, NHS or ADT > 10,000 -- 10-year cycle, 1,600 < ADT < 10,000 -- 12 years, 500 < ADT < 1600 -- 15 years. Additional roadway segments are added to the initial list using data provided by the Pavement Management System (PMS) Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... 64 TABLE D4 SAFETY ANALYSIS IN PREPARATION OF DEVELOPING PROJECT SCOPE FOR 3R PROJECTS (RESPONSE TO QUESTION 12) State Do you perform safety analyses/risk assessment (e.g., road safety audits, benefit/cost analysis) Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 65 State Do you perform safety analyses/risk assessment (e.g., road safety audits, benefit/cost analysis) in preparation of developing project scope and design for 3R projects? Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... VT Yes Not a formal RSA or cost analysis, rather cost estimation, review of crash data and, when necessary, more in-depth review of alternative and/or safety issues. WA No WSDOT is currently piloting the use of RSAs on developing the scope of safety improvement projects. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 66 Ta bl e D 5 co nt in ue d on p . Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... 67 Ta bl e D 5 co nt in ue d fr om p . Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 68 Ta bl e D 5 co nt in ue d fr om p . Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... 70 TABLE D6 RANKING OF 13 CONTROLLING CRITERIA (RESPONSE TO QUESTION 9) Ranking of 13 controlling criteria from 1 (most) Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... to 13 (least) as to how important each is for 3R projects State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SD LW SW SSD SC SUP CS VC HC BW GR HA VA DS TX SC DS LW SW BW HA VA GR SSD CS SUP HC VC UT CS GR SSD SW HA SUP VA LW HC DS SC BW VC VA SSD DS HA VA LW SW SC BW SUP CS HC VC GR VT DS LW SW SUP CS SSD HA VA SC GR BW HC VC WA LW SW SSD VC HC CS DS SUP BW HA VA GR SC WY DS LW HA VA SW SSD SUP CS SC BW VC GR HC Key: DS design speed VA vertical alignment LW lane width SUP superelevation SW shoulder width CS cross slope BW bridge width GR grades SC structural capacity HC horizontal clearance SSD stopping sight distance VC vertical clearance HA horizontal alignment Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Pavement design life, safety improvements CO 3R projects address safety and other issues on existing facilities. It is generally typical for the safety deficiencies to be related to horizontal alignment, design speed, and horizontal clearances. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... Traffic volumes, combinations of curves, roadside features, pavement conditions, intersection conditions, and traffic control conditions IN Design Speed -- Many design elements are speed-sensitive. Lane Width -- Adequate lane width is essential to provide maneuvering space for the predominate type of user vehicle. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Whether the lane or shoulder width is more critical is dependent on the existing widths, traffic volumes, congestion issues, and an assessment of accident characteristics. Clear zones, intersection sight distance NC Design speed. Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... Design Speed -- This is a core design element; most design criteria are determined based on the design speed. Lane Width/Shoulder Width -- this is usually one of the easiest elements to improve that yields substantial safety benefits. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Intersection sight distance, bridge rails, roadside safety and design (e.g., clear zone, side slopes, barriers) , curb ramps, intersection geometry, pavement marking and signing WY Believe they significantly impact safety. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 76 Table D8 continued on p. 77 TABLE D8 RESPONSES TO QUESTION 13 State How often are safety improvements considered in a 3R project (please check one) Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... 77 Table D8 continued from p. 76 State How often are safety improvements considered in a 3R project (please check one) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... If "Yes," please describe Consideration given to bicyclists? If "Yes," please describe AK No No AL Yes For existing pedestrian facilities we look for compliance to ADA Yes For existing bicyclist facilities we look for compliance to ADA AR Yes Only in urban areas No AZ Yes Sidewalk ramps are reviewed for ADA compliance. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... , ADA compliance -- ramps, sidewalk width, accessible pedestrian signals, bus stop relocations Yes On road bicycle compatible lanes/shoulders, signage, drainage improvements ME No No MI Yes ADA upgrades and incorporation of sidewalks Yes Shared usage of paved shoulder width with nonmotorized, earth buffer width to sidewalks MN Yes Shoulder and crosswalk improvements are considered on 3R projects. Yes In rural areas, paving shoulders are considered for 3R projects. Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... Resurfacing projects may include delineating bike lanes. Major rehabilitations may provide additional shoulder width to enhance bicycle usage. Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... Yes PennDOT utilizes a Bike/Ped checklist for all projects to ensure needs are considered in project development. PR Yes When applicable Yes When the need is "obvious." RI Yes Most 3Rs are in urban areas of the state where sidewalks are in poor condition, intersections are obsolete. Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... SD Yes Providing ADAaccessible curb ramps as per ADA guidelines Yes Review shoulder width and rumble strip/stripe installation. TX Yes Improvements are made for pedestrian traffic including signals, crosswalks, and signing. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... NC Yes ADA upgrades are required for all resurfacing projects. ND Yes We update curb ramps and review other ADA requirements. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... If we touch a roadway, we improve the sidewalk. SC Yes We routinely replace curb ramps and correct improper driveway designs when the cross slopes do not adhere to our current guidelines. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... CO ADA requirements for existing sidewalks, pedestrian crossings along existing facilities. To what extent beyond signalized pedestrian crossings should such facilities be upgraded for ADA compliance? Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... RI Money; projects are becoming more expensive because of federal and state requirements. SC Specifying a project as 3R occurs on a case-by-case basis and I am not aware of any national standards that determine the minimum design criteria that can be applied to a 3R project. Read the entire page →

From page 57...

... This will mainly involve the placement of additional surface materials and other work necessary to return an existing roadway to a condition of structural and functional adequacy. In addition to resurfacing, 3R projects may include pavement structure repair, minor lane and shoulder widening, adding turn lanes, shoulder pavement, upgrading horizontal and vertical alignment, intersection improvements, removing or shielding roadside obstacles, modification of side slopes/ditches, drainage improvements, and signals.