Reinventing the Urban Interstate: A New Paradigm for Multimodal Corridors (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D - Existing Multimodal Corridor Case Studies
Appendix D - Existing Multimodal Corridor Case Studies
Pages 107-145
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From page 107... ...
Los Angeles Harbor Freeway (I-110) / Harbor Transitway Corridor Limits From: Artesia Transit Center To: 37th Street Transitway Station Context and Project Development History In the mid-1970s, Southern California's Regional Transit District (SCRTD)
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From page 108... ...
Two HOV lanes are provided each direction from Martin Luther King Boulevard to Interstate 105; single lanes run between that point and State Route 91 in each direction. The transitway right-of-way, which primarily runs down the median of the Harbor Freeway, was already owned by Caltrans,7 so very little land acquisition was required.
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From page 109... ...
Los Angeles Green Line/Century Freeway Corridor Limits From: Norwalk Station To: Redondo Station Context and Project Development History The Green Line was built as a precondition for building the Century Freeway (I-105) and was part of the consent decree signed by Caltrans in 1979.
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From page 110... ...
21Mieger, D., Chu, C., "The Los Angeles Metro Green Line: Why Are People Riding the Line to Nowhere", Compendium of Technical Papers, 86th Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., January 2007. 22Mieger, D., Chu, C., "The Los Angeles Metro Green Line: Why Are People Riding the Line to Nowhere", Compendium of Technical Papers, 86th Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., January 2007.
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From page 111... ...
The 13-station line runs from Union Station 23Mieger, D., Chu, C., "The Los Angeles Metro Green Line: Why Are People Riding the Line to Nowhere", Compendium of Technical Papers, 86th Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., January 2007. Access/ Egress Mode Access Egress Bus 43% 45% Car 28% 5% Walk 15% 28% Blue Line 12% 19% Other 2% 3% Total 100% 100% Source: Los Angeles Metro Table D-1.
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From page 112... ...
The initial concept for the Gold Line was to connect it via subway to the Blue Line LRT, thereby providing several stops in downtown Los Angeles, and allowing through service between Pasadena and Long Beach. In contrast, the connection to East Los Angeles under construction will still require transfers at Union Station to the Red Line subway.
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From page 113... ...
The Authority hopes to recoup roughly $30 million of the costs of building the line by developing excess land acquired during construction.26 A number of TOD projects have been proposed or built since this line's opening, including Avenue 57 and Del Mar, in station areas within the City of Pasadena.27 Los Angeles El Monte Busway/San Bernardino (I-10) Freeway Corridor Limits From: El Monte Bus Terminal To: Union Station Context and Project Development History The I-10 (San Bernardino)
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From page 114... ...
The adjacent Broadway/ Marketplace provides 221 spaces. The 30th and Downing Station Park-and-Ride has 27 parking spaces.34 Denver T-REX/I-25 Corridor Limits From: Lincoln Station To: I-25/Broadway Station Context and Project Development History The Southeast Transportation Expansion Project (TREX)
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From page 115... ...
that found that congestion levels on the freeway would soon bring gridlock most of the day. Specifically, the study found that local bus service travel times were about twice that of cars in the corridor, while express bus travel times were closer to cars.
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From page 116... ...
The Technical Committee monitored the project's planning, engineering, and environmental issues and helped develop the project alternatives.42 Design Features Stations are uniquely designed; their canopies are simple, functional, and attractive. Covered pedestrian bridges connect stations with parking facilities and adjacent developments.
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From page 117... ...
zoning designation that allows FARs of up to 5-to-1, and parking requirements for areas close to light-rail stations are slashed 25 percent.45 TOD zoning policies such as these were first adopted by the City of Denver along the northern part of the T-REX corridor, but now have been adopted by cities up and down the line.46 The expansion of Denver's light rail system has brought substantial benefits to downtown Denver, with office rents along the transit mall leasing at a premium of 8 to 16 percent higher than those off the mall during the early 2000s.47 Several station areas in the T-REX corridor have also benefited from TOD development, including Dry Creek Station, where a pedestrian bridge east of the station is encouraging the development of new high-density residential developments, and the Arapahoe Station Office Project, which was completed in 2008.48 The simultaneous construction of the roadway and LRT facilities reportedly saved $300 to $500 million in construction costs.49 Denver Central/I-25 Corridor Limits From: I-25/Broadway Station To: Union Station Context and Project Development History The Central Corridor line runs parallel to I-25 from its junction with I-225, south of downtown Denver. The line runs along a pre-existing freight rail line, and there are generally very few direct street connections to the freeway's interchanges.
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From page 118... ...
Key design features for the BART system include the following: Track Gauge 5-feet 6-inches Maximum Speed 80 mph Maximum Gradient 4% Minimum Curve Radius 394 feet Maximum Train 10 cars Station Platform Length 700-feet Car Dimensions 75-feet± by 10-feet 4-inches Passenger Capacity per car About 64–72 seats, 150 crush load San Francisco Daly City Line/I-280 Corridor Limits From: Daly City Station To: Glen Park Station Context and Project Development History The trunk line including the subway under Market Street in San Francisco was opened to Daly City in 1972. By 2002, it was extended to the San Francisco International Airport (although this section is not part of our study corridor)
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From page 119... ...
With wide station spacings in suburban areas where BART would compete directly with freeways, the system's electric trains would run on grade-separated right-of-ways, reaching maximum speeds of 75–80 mph, and average 45 mph. The California State Legislature formed the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District in 1957, which included San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and San Mateo counties.
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From page 120... ...
Pittsburg/ Bay Point Line/S.R. 24 Corridor Limits From: Pleasant Hill Station To: MacArthur Station Context and Project Development History The East Bay BART line runs from north of downtown Oakland to the suburban community of Pittsburg.
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From page 121... ...
James Station Context and Project Development History The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority operates a 42-mile, 62-station system. The system, which has two main routes and a two-station spur serves an urbanized area population that exceeds 1.5 million and a central business district employment of about 52,000 (Figure D-4)
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From page 122... ...
The Guadalupe light rail line was first opened in 1987, with the extension to south San Jose (in the study corridor) opening in 1991 -- 99 days ahead of schedule.59 The system has been expanded since its opening in 1987.
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From page 123... ...
Benefits The multimodal corridor was reported to have about 60,000 jobs within walking distance of stations and 150,000 residents when the line first opened. Portland MAX Airport/I-84 Red Line Corridor Limits From: Cascades MAX Station To: Rose Quarter TC MAX Station Context and Project Development History Portland's 43-mile, three-route MAX light rail system serves an urbanized area population of over 1.6 million and a downtown employment of 105,000.
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From page 124... ...
On both the Red and Blue Lines, park-and-ride facilities are provided at two stations -- the Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center and the Northeast Gateway/99th Street Transit Center. Except for a short segment that cuts through an industrial area along the Columbia River, the corridor sustains a band of mixed and commercial uses as it winds through a predominantly residential grid from the airport to the Downtown.
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From page 125... ...
Red Line trains run every 15 minutes. Blue Line trains run in 5- to 6-minute intervals in the rush hours, every 15 minutes at other times.
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From page 126... ...
Four transit centers have been established with direct access to five HOV lanes. All transit centers and 10 of the 32 park-and-ride lots have direct, grade-separated connectors to an HOV lane.
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From page 127... ...
With this improvement, patronage on the HOV lane increased to 15,000 a day.68 Following these successful pilot tests, the THD and OPT partnership went on to develop a comprehensive network of bus rapid transit HOV lanes around the Houston region, including the U.S. 290 corridor.
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From page 128... ...
This plan included HOV facilities in most freeway corridors as well as rail transit.69 The institutional arrangements that governed the design, construction, and operations of Houston's HOV/bus rapid transit network evolved over time. After the successful demonstration project and the establishment of METRO as OPT's successor agency, subsequent HOV/BRT projects were guided by formal agreements between METRO and TxDOT.
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From page 129... ...
160 & I-80 Corridor Limits From: Watt/I-80 Station To: Globe Avenue Station Context and Project Development History The 42-mile Sacramento Regional Transit District Light Rail system serves the northern, eastern, and southern suburbs (see Figure D-8)
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From page 130... ...
During the same period, the City and County of Sacramento formed a joint Northeast Area Transportation Task Force to study the alternatives for using the I-80 bypass corridors, now that the freeway alternatives had been abandoned. At that same time, a federal law -- passed in response to the "freeway revolts" taking place around the country -- changed the financing picture for the light rail project by allowing areas affected by proposed freeway projects to veto those projects and propose alternative transportation projects that would use those funds.75 Other non-governmental stakeholders provided key impetus to the light rail project, including the local chapter of the American Lung Association, which worked with transit advocates to organize the earliest public meetings of the newly formed, Northeast Area Transportation Task Force.76 Planning and public outreach for the light rail option continued through the late 1970s, and culminated in County Measure "C," a 1979 Regional Transit District-sponsored ballot measure to raise funds for transit operations (1⁄4 cent from the State gas tax)
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From page 131... ...
to midnight. The North Line is routed via the South Line to Meadowview, as the "Blue Line." Trains run via a one-way street couplet through downtown Sacramento.
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From page 132... ...
It ends at the Medical Center Station, just south of the Route 400/Route 19 interchange -- a total distance of roughly 11.4 miles. Route 400 north of the study corridor Source: Public Domain, Courtesy Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority Figure D-9.
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From page 133... ...
This gave an opening to anti-MARTA forces, and Robert Somerville -- the head of the Atlanta Transit System and a former member of the Chamber of Commerce's rapid transit steering committee -- put forth a counterproposal. Instead of the proposed rapid rail system, he planned a 32-mile regional rapid bus system estimated to cost 84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority_ history 85http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority_ history 86http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority_ history 83http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority_ history
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From page 134... ...
Orange Line/I-66 Corridor Limits From: Vienna/GMU Station To: Foggy Bottom Station Context and Project Development History The Washington D.C. Urbanized Area has a population that exceeds four million and a central area employment of more than 300,000.
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From page 135... ...
However, in and around DC, the difficulties of regional transit service were compounded by the many private transit companies serving DC, Virginia, and Maryland that were regulated by separate public utilities commissions while inter-jurisdictional trips were regulated by the federal Interstate Commerce Commission. This patchwork of regulatory control meant that suburban commuters often faced an uncoordinated set of schedules, fares, and routes.93 So while other regions considering regional rapid rail systems -- San Francisco and Atlanta -- faced similar problems of serving dispersed suburbs and uncoordinated transit service providers, the DC region developed an ambitious plan to create a unified transit agency that would cross state lines.
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From page 136... ...
has over 120 million square feet of commercial floor space, and its employment exceeds 350,000. It is served by an extensive commuter rail system, and a 90-mile 138-station rail rapid transit (heavy rail)
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From page 137... ...
Chicago Blue Line/Eisenhower Expressway Corridor Limits From: Forest Park Station To: LaSalle Station Context and Project Development History The I-290 Eisenhower Expressway multimodal corridor extends from the Chicago Center business district to Forest Park. The Blue Line opened on June 22, 1958, replacing the former Garfield Park elevated that had operated since 1905.
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Chicago's Eisenhower Expressway and the Blue Line at Racine Station. 103Source: Chicago Transit Authority, also Gunlock, V
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Comiskey Park, the home of the Chicago White Sox, is located at the 35th Street/ Sox station. Design Features The Dan Ryan Expressway and rapid transit lines are below street grade.
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From page 140... ...
The portion of the Blue Line, which is offset from I-90, runs along North Milwaukee Avenue, a commercial and mixed-use strip that cuts across the predominantly residential grid of Northwest Chicago. Design Features The southern parts of the rapid transit line and freeway are on an elevated embankment.
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From page 141... ...
Benefits The Blue Line operating in the median dramatically reduced transit travel times to O'Hare International Airport. The 45-minute time to the Loop during rush hours is competitive with driving.
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. The busway, opened in February 2008, is a cooperative venture of the Auckland Regional Transit Authority and the North Shore and Auckland City Council.
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104Matsumoto, N "Analysis of policy processes to introduce Bus Rapid Transit systems in Asian cities from the perspective of lesson-drawing: cases of Jakarta, Seoul, and Beijing", http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2370895/Analysis-of-policyprocesses-to-introduce-Bus-Rapid-Transit.
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From page 144... ...
Brisbane (Australia) South East Busway Context and Project Development History Brisbane's 10.5-mile-long South East Busway system is perhaps the first side-running rapid transit facility along an urban freeway.
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From page 145... ...
The busway carries more people in the peak hour than the adjacent general-purpose freeway travel lanes. Benefits The South East Busway is an extension of the rapid transit system provided by City Train.
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