Alternatives for Inspecting Outer Continental Shelf Operations (1990) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 6-19
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, which states in part Operations in the outer continental shelf should be conducted in a safe manner by well-trained personnel using technology, precautions, and techniques sufficient to prevent or minimize the likelihood of blowouts, loss of well control, fires, spillages, physical obstruction to other users of the waters or subsoil and seabed, or other occurrences which may cause damage to the environment or to property, or endanger life or health.
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outer continental shelf describes the types of platforms, the drilling and production facilities in use; their age and geographic distribution; the systems and technologies involved; and the safety and environmental protection considerations that must be addressed. Facilities Offshore drilling and production processes and equipment are basically the same as those on land, except that offshore operations require some form of support to protect the facility from water and wave action.
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Development drilling can be done by a mobile offshore drilling unit, or by using drilling equipment hoisted onto the permanent production platform by barge-mounted cranes if the offshore platform (usually built in sections onshore) has been erected at the offshore development site.
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(Current Alaskan offshore oil and gas comes from fields in state waters.) The number of active drilling units historically has fluctuated roughly in accordance with the price of oil and the demand for petroleum products.
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The average age of production platforms is approximately 15 years.
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. In the August 1988 Gulf of Mexico sale, nine major oil companies accounted for only 52 percent of the high bids on tracts, with the other 48 percent being split among 33 different independent oil companies.
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Most gas sales contracts require that the water vapor in the gas be limited (normally to 7 pounds water per million standard cubic feet of natural gas)
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Pressure is controlled by sensing the pressure in the gas space of a vessel and regulating the rate at which gas leaves the vessel through an automatic control valve. Level is controlled by sensing the gas/liquid or oil/water level in a vessel and regulating the rate at which liquid leaves through an automatic control v~,lv~" T."mnPr~t,~r" is ^~.
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Manufacturing Standards for Safety Equipment The safety and pollution prevention equipment (SPPE) certification program conducted by MMS requires that all surface safety valves, subsurface safety valves, underwater safety valves, landing nipples, and locks used on the OCS be manufactured under American National Standards Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard (ANSI/ASME)
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From page 18... ...
Loss of production is also a major cost element. Fortunately the United States is not dependent on a few OCS production facilities as compared to Britain, whose North Sea production suffered a reduction of over 5 percent from the loss of the Piper Alpha production platform in 1988.
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SUMMARY Offshore platforms and drilling and production facilities on the OCS now tend to be older (increasing average age) and are becoming larger and more complicated.
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