Forest Trees (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-20
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From page 1... ...
This process, in turn, helps moderate fluctuations in global temperatures and provides the atmospheric elements essential for all living things. Genetic diversity is the mainstay of biological stability-it enables species to adapt to changing environments and to survive.
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The upon rectum mends actions ~r~main~ini~gaspeties ~i.thinits nag talcum ~un~itytin situ management~a~nd Air mai~ntainin~ pIantedstandsinareasoutsidethei~r norm once and conserving bees as Wed/ pollen~o~rtissu~e cultures (ex situ management)
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~c Same / 3 am Hawk Saw ~nbsd~dsi~nd :6 like in Age ~:p^~ gin first of ~01~ ~s~niton~. flits RAW.
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values. Forest trees are .
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In particular, knowledge of the diversity and distribution of genes in a tree population is crucial to genetic management, because genetic information makes it possible to predict the likelihood of gene loss in a population and to develop strategies to prevent such depletion. Understanding genetic structure in a tree species will make it possible to collect the genetic diversity of natural populations efficiently and to ensure their conservation.
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From page 8... ...
For the majority of forest trees, however, knowledge of genetic structure is sparse, and knowledge of the degree to which such characteristics as drought tolerance, growth, and disease resistance are heritable is still deficient, although growing. Such information is necessary to develop reliable and effective methods of sampling the total genetic diversity of tree populations.
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techniques ~i~l.l be needed for any rabbi, re~io~nal/ or national efforts to conserve and manage the g~net~reyources of geese in site an-d ~y situ methods. a~ Ken as compJemen~/ not opposing, Methodologies.
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From page 10... ...
Ex situ methods of tissue culture and cryogenic storage (i.e., storage in or suspended above liquid nitrogen at temperatures from -150°C to -196°C) could enable longterm maintenance of such species, but further effort is needed to apply these to many tree species.
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From page 11... ...
Relatively small areas can be part of a conservation network that ensures the survival and availability of genetic materials and that provides data on performance over a variety of sites. The integration of such conservation networks with breeding programs and in situ programs could provide a vital link between conserving and effectively using the total gene pool of a species.
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fit ~ species am in brewing programs sufEdently intense Mat ex site con~^abon is included as part of We program. Only ~ R~v ofthela~t~rspedes~s~uch asf\~idfs~&y ~~z'~f!
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From page 13... ...
A data base would facilitate identifying species for conservation or for addition to testing and breeding programs. It would foster interaction among regional and national programs, support and encourage training at the international, regional, and local levels, support research and its application to managing forest tree germplasm, and provide a central source for assembling and disseminating data to national and regional programs.
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From page 14... ...
Information on reproductive systems, the genetic architecture of populations, and the requisite population sizes of trees is essential for the design of in situ and ex situ conservation stands. Understanding the subtle factors that create or destroy genetic diversity provides the scientific foundation for managing tree genetic variation.
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Forest genetic resource conservation programs should be formalized and included in national plans for forestry, biological diversity, and breeding or other forms of genetic management. The in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of national governments require focus, coordination, and support.
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The precise, future global needs for forest genetic resources are not possible to predict, but the widest possible genetic base should be maintained to provide the best array of future options. The programs of national and regional institutions to conserve, describe, document, improve, and distribute forest genetic resources are critical activities, and they urgently need to become more active and more effective.
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F~quendy,such ^ Tuscan occur th~oughexLdngna~onaldepa~men~ or minisid~es es~bIished to ad~dressth~e needs ~f~nabo~na.lfo~ests, but their program ms must be extended to include ge! neLc resources The education and twining of pro~ssio~nals and technicians in feast genetic Assume conservation must also be expanded to provide sufid~nt technicaland sappy spa to meet urgent needs that ~iIlresu~lt item the increased antic ~ ~Regionalinstitutions could assist member countries in developing national and cooperative ac~vides elated to Crest ~eneLc ~sour)
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From page 18... ...
The main function of such an institution would be to maintain an ongoing assessment of the status of forest genetic conservation worldwide and to foster the study, collection, documentation, evaluation, and utilization of tree genetic resources. Global leadership could be provided through a shared effort of the FAO and a forestry body created within the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR)
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From page 19... ...
It has become apparent in recent decades, however, that the world risks losing much of this invaluable resource. If society is to conserve the biological diversity encompassed in the world's trees and the forests and habitats they create, then renewed efforts are needed.
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Key Terms
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