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Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes Panel Report (1989) / Chapter Skim
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5. Collateral Hazards
Pages 45-52

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From page 45...
... For example, most of the losses experienced in the Alaskan earthquake of 1964 resulted from collateral hazards, with landslides causing major property loss and tsunamis causing 119 of the 131 fatalities (National Research Council, 1972~. In principle, the overall method for predicting losses that might result from these hazards is much the same as that for losses caused by shaking of facilities.
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From page 46...
... In the eastern United States, it appears that potential faults are deeply buried and hence fault rupture probably does not extend to the sur-face. Hence this particular hazard generally can be ignored in this large portion of the country.
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From page 47...
... and a report on liquefaction by the National Research Council (1986~. Liquefaction The word liquefaction has been used to cover several different types of phenomena associated with the increase in pore water pressures in cohesioniess soils during earthquake shaking, with a resulting decrease of strength and/or stiffness.
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From page 48...
... reviewed 40 earthquakes worldwide and ranked the abundance of different types of landslides. He listed disrupted soil slides as very abundant; soil stumps, soil lateral spreads, soil block slides, and soil avalanches as abundant; and rapid soil flows as moderately common.
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From page 49...
... Of the 40 earthquakes in the review, only 10 were from California. At least a half dozen were from other regions in the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, Missouri, Montana, South Carolina, and Washington, with the rest of the historical earthquakes from other parts of the world having a variety of geologic ~d climatic conditions.
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From page 50...
... Within the United States, Los Angeles, Memphis, Portland, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle are a few examples of large metropolitan areas with recognized potential for seismically induced landslides involving rock. TSUNAMIS Tsunami inundation areas for the West Coast of the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii, are available in the form of FEMA flood maps (FIRM or Flood Insurance Rate Maps)
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From page 51...
... . If these waves are of sufficient amplitude, facilities along the waterfront may be damaged and there might be overtopping and thus damage to any earth dam · · — retaping a reservoir.
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From page 52...
... Photo courtesy of G Mourner.
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Key Terms

  • sensitive clays
  • ground shaking
  • liquefaction susceptible
  • hazard maps
  • cohesioniess soils

  • fault rupture
  • seismically induced
  • lateral spreading
  • soil avalanches
  • level ground

  • rapid soil
  • sand boils
  • relations giving
  • san fernando
  • soil slides

  • disrupted soil
  • losses associated
  • soil lateral
  • fernando earthquake
  • specific sites

  • including alaska
  • soil flows
  • tsunami hazard
  • lateral spreads
  • property loss

  • moderately common
  • landslides involving
  • satisfactory accuracy
  • geological hazard
  • liquefaction provides


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