National Patterns of R&D Resources Future Directions for Content and Methods: Summary of a Workshop (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2 What Is *National Patterns*?
2 What Is *National Patterns*?
Pages 6-26
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From page 6... ...
National Patterns is a derived product: it is a compendium that draws from five annual NSF surveys on R&D expenditures and awards. Currently, the primary publications associated with National Patterns are Info Briefs 6
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From page 7... ...
The primary purpose of Info Brief is to give a glimpse of the United States' R&D performance in the absence of a full National Patterns report. The annual National Patterns report is given the subtitle of Data Update, as the report provides an annual update of R&D expenditure and funding series.1 The latest Data Update that is available from NCSES is for 2009.
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From page 8... ...
TABLE 2-2 U.S. Basic Research Expenditures, by Performing Sector and Source of Funds: 1996-2009 All Performers Federal Industry U&C Year All Sources Federal Total Federal Industry Total Total Federal 1996 32,799 2,680 7,498 650 6,848 708 16,042 10,092 1997 36,921 2,746 9,795 1,029 8,766 625 17,654 10,924 1998 35,372 3,003 5,853 1,002 4,851 568 19,365 11,941 1999 38,935 3,347 6,645 1,108 5,537 557 21,022 12,892 2000 42,759 3,765 7,040 925 6,115 547 22,917 13,966 2001 47,751 4,260 8,053 754 7,299 552 25,240 15,553 2002 51,383 4,511 7,547 888 6,659 534 27,970 17,724 2003 54,611 4,664 8,330 1,386 6,944 299 30,023 19,658 2004 56,092 4,697 7,835 1,072 6,763 175 31,989 21,150 2005 59,686 4,770 8,667 1,108 7,559 136 34,028 22,186 2006 61,199 4,716 8,384 1,444 6,940 652 35,635 22,690 2007 66,206 4,621 11,268 2,780 8,488 2,258 37,271 23,043 2008 70,220 4,957 12,368 1,475 10,893 2,423 38,840 23,500 2009 75,969 5,507 14,784 1,340 13,444 2,550 40,543 24,242 NOTE: FFRDCs = federally funded research and development centers, U&C = universities and colleges.
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From page 9... ...
Industry U&C profit Total Total Federal Industry profit Total 1,861 1,672 4,436 1,666 5,395 6,209 2,906 730 2,574 772 1,922 1,808 4,838 1,786 5,463 6,626 3,014 809 2,804 821 1,972 1,950 5,163 1,922 5,559 7,332 3,281 859 3,192 843 2,098 2,082 5,619 2,112 5,652 8,207 3,761 931 3,516 993 2,247 2,174 6,232 2,326 5,742 9,734 4,510 1,020 4,204 1,465 2,397 2,190 6,827 2,546 6,225 11,182 5,488 1,029 4,666 2,192 2,557 2,160 7,344 2,758 7,102 12,179 5,778 998 5,404 2,319 2,742 2,129 7,650 2,833 7,301 12,796 5,945 1,020 5,831 2,494 2,883 2,190 7,936 2,945 7,659 13,394 6,537 1,041 5,816 2,644 2,922 2,323 8,578 3,113 7,817 14,077 6,545 1,107 6,425 2,828 3,021 2,509 9,285 3,329 7,306 13,928 6,044 1,182 6,702 2,943 3,265 2,741 9,959 3,694 5,567 14,777 5,980 1,257 7,541 3,316 3,518 3,004 10,707 4,080 4,766 16,035 6,236 1,301 8,498 3,724 3,675 3,279 11,436 4,418 4,968 17,531 7,133 1,258 9,141 3,835 U&C Nonprofit FRDCs Other Nonprofit FFRDCs Other Other Other Non- NonGov't. Industry U&C profit Total Total Federal Industry profit Total 1,149 1,032 2,740 1,028 2,606 3,187 1,248 428 1,510 79 1,248 1,175 3,144 1,162 2,671 3,322 1,317 449 1,557 108 1,330 1,315 3,483 1,296 2,660 3,710 1,461 477 1,773 213 1,432 1,421 3,835 1,442 2,765 4,203 1,734 517 1,952 397 1,550 1,499 4,298 1,604 2,874 5,000 2,099 566 2,334 616 1,663 1,519 4,737 1,767 3,104 5,626 2,464 571 2,590 915 1,768 1,494 5,077 1,907 3,714 6,129 2,575 554 3,000 979 1,850 1,438 5,165 1,913 3,747 6,519 2,714 567 3,238 1,029 1,958 1,488 5,392 2,001 3,730 6,596 2,788 578 3,229 1,070 2,042 1,624 5,999 2,177 3,820 7,084 2,903 614 3,568 1,181 2,155 1,791 6,624 2,376 3,344 7,227 2,849 656 3,721 1,242 2,363 1,983 7,207 2,674 1,724 7,714 2,829 698 4,187 1,350 2,533 2,162 7,708 2,937 1,672 8,514 3,073 722 4,719 1,447 2,627 2,344 8,173 3,158 1,808 9,270 3,496 698 5,075 1,508
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From page 10... ...
, roles of federal and nonfederal funding for R&D, 1953-2011. SOURCE: National Science Foundation (2013, Figure 4)
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WHAT IS NATIONAL PATTERNS? 11 TABLE 2-3 International Comparisons of Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D and R&D Share of Gross Domestic Product, by Selected Country/Economy: 2009 (or most recent year)
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965,629.1 2.33 EU-27 297,889.6 1.90 NOTE: NOTE: EU-27 = European Union 27 member states, G-20 = group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies, GDP = gross domestic roduct, GERD = p gross domestic expenditures on R&D, OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, PPP = purchasing power parity. are interested in obtaining a better understanding of how well the support for science is faring from year to year, Boroush said.3 3 The January 2013 Info Brief had 182 views, and the 2009 Data Update had 255 views as of February 26, 2013 (personal communication, Mark Boroush, NCSES)
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From page 13... ...
In 2010, the questionnaire was expanded to gather information on the total operating budgets of FFRDCs, on R&D expenditures from the American Recovery Reinvestment Act of 2009, and by type of costs. • Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD)
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Since the data collection cycles of the five input censuses and surveys are not the same, the time gaps between the data collection and the official estimates will be different for different data. Boroush noted, however, that NCSES also releases data products for each of the individual surveys, which are often more timely.
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From page 15... ...
(e.g., 2012) Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 BRDIS, t-2 -- -- -- -- -- -X Data available for use R&D expenditures - actual R&D expenditures - planned Federal Funds, FY t-2 to t R&D obligaƟons - actual R&D obligaƟons - preliminary R&D obligaƟons - proposed -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -X Data available for use FFRDC Survey, FY t-2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- X Data available for use R&D expenditures - actual FFRDC Survey, FY t-1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - X Data available R&D expenditures - actual for use Universities/colleges Survey, FY t-2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - X Data available for use R&D expenditures - actual Universities/colleges Survey, FY t-1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - X Data available for use R&D expenditures - actual Typical, NaƟonal PaƩerns preparaƟon period FIGURE 2-3 Timing of four surveys that are inputs to National Patterns.
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From page 16... ...
As the this section reported for the 2011 calendar year? estimates of 2-30 Is 1 information in only federal statistical agency producing national- and state-level R&D funding levels, NCSES has always strived to Yes produce a consistent R&D time series to meet the plethora of demands of a varied set of Enter time period (YYYY)
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From page 17... ...
Boroush said he hoped that workshop participants would provide ideas for a new nonprofit survey to contribute to the National Patterns aggregate R&D estimates or suggest approaches to estimating R&D undertaken by nonprofits through other means.6 Boroush also discussed the possibility of collecting new variables on the current censuses and surveys, including state intramural R&D expenditures, and the categorization of R&D by socioeconomic objectives and science and engineering fields. Standards for collecting data on socioeconomic objectives were introduced in the third edition of the Frascati Manual7 (see Godin, 2008)
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From page 18... ...
Therefore, National Patterns users need to be careful when making comparisons across time and should consider using only the latest published data. Generally, there is a note in all the detailed statistical tables and Data Updates that warn the users about comparing figures from a recent report with those in previous reports.
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He also added that asking companies to report their R&D by science and engineering fields was considered during the redesign process of BRDIS, but for conceptual reasons such an item was not included in the BRDIS survey. INTERNATIONAL AND OTHER COUNTRIES' PUBLICATIONS ON R&D STATISTICS Figures from National Patterns feed into various international publications and databases, such as OECD's main science and technology indicators; the science and technology data of the Institute of Statistics of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
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Galindo-Rueda continued by providing some additional context and background on the R&D statistics collected and reported by OECD, E urostat, and selected national agencies. OECD R&D statistics generated by OECD are based on three databases: analytical business enterprise research and development (ANBERD)
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From page 21... ...
, selected patent indicators from the OECD patent database, indicators from the technology balance of payments database, and estimates of international trade in R&D-intensive industries. It is published biannually, and the database is publicly available online.15 MSTI includes estimates of R&D expenditures and human resources for the OECD area, thus highlighting the importance of securing timely data from all OECD countries.
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From page 22... ...
and associate states. Science, technology and innovation is one of the main themes of Eurostat's statistical portfolio.17 R&D statistics are collected from national agencies according to EU legislation that compels countries to report specific statistics according to a set timetable, using definitions and methodologies laid out in the OECD Frascati Manual.
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From page 23... ...
ONS draws together information on R&D spending in the public and private sectors, which includes business enterprises, government departments, higher education, private nonprofit organizations, and research councils.20 The statistical bulletin contains estimates by economic sectors: • Business enterprise: Business enterprise R&D is derived from the results of the ONS's annual business R&D survey. Approximately 5,000 businesses are sampled from a reference list of known enterprises that do R&D.
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From page 24... ...
John Jankowski provided more detail in his presentation in the session on "International Comparability," primarily responding to Galindo-Rueda's comments on the differences between NCSES's R&D statistics and analogous statistics from international organizations and other countries. He summarized the various efforts undertaken by NCSES, including redesigning the industrial and the academic surveys so that the estimates derived from these two surveys could meet the demands of the international science and technology community.
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From page 25... ...
BRDIS now asks companies to report not only their domestic expenses, but also their operations outside of the United States. Separate data are collected on company's internal sources of funding, as well as funding from other companies inside the United States; from companies located outside of the United States; and from several other nongovernment sources.
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From page 26... ...
It was developed with support from NSF's Division of Science Resource Statistics. In December 2010, BEA released its revised national statistics, such as real GDP, real gross domestic income, national savings, aggre ate returns to R&D g assets, R&D investment, R&D output by performer, and input price indexes from 1959 to 2007.
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