Flexible Electronics for Security, Manufacturing, and Growth in the United States Summary of a Symposium (2013) / Chapter Skim
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of European programs to promote flexible electronics research and manufacturing took a sober view of U.S. prospects: "The relatively low prevalence of actual manufacturing and advanced systems research and development in the United States has led to an incomplete hybrid flexible electronics R&D scenario for this country: it is strong in basic research 1 Recognizing its growing potential, a 2003 National Research Council report predicted that "in the future, structural materials will incorporate sensing reporting and even healing functions into the body of the material." See National Research Council, Materials Science and Technology: Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century.
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To describe the nature and potential applications of flexible electronics technologies and to document national programs to support the research, development, and commercialization of this emerging technology by leading U.S. competitors, the National Academies convened a conference on "Flexible Electronics for Security, Manufacturing, and Growth in the United States" as a part of its study of "Best Practice in National Innovation Programs for Flexible Electronics." During the conference, views were sought on steps the United States can take to build manufacturing capabilities and enhance the competitiveness of American firms in this emerging technology.
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Dr. Brown previewed some of the design concepts being discussed by Nokia, Sony, and other companies that envision flexible displays that will be vivid and efficient, but also thin and rugged.
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Arrays and grids: Manufactured by a roll-to-roll or hybrid process, flexible solar cells on tents, mess halls, or other structures in the field can generate their own power, reducing the logistical load of transported fuel. FEDERAL AND STATE INITIATIVES TO SUPPORT FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS Given that a robust flexible electronics industry has the potential to improve the nation's international competitiveness, generate high-value employment, and address national needs in areas like defense and energy, a number of federal agencies have supported the research, development, and
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He also reported that NSF supports a wide variety of flexible hybrid electronics research, organic and polymer electronics and optoelectronics, inorganic thin-film devices, organic and inorganic hybrid devices, and hybrid circuits and systems.
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Pellegrino described the Army's sponsorship of the Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona State University as a "nontraditional" kind of partnership, including industry as a full participant with the academic community.
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Clayton said that NorTech's efforts are supported by a number of broader state initiatives to encourage technologybased growth. Key among these initiatives is the Ohio Third Frontier program, which invests $2.3 billion to support applied research, commercialization, 5 For an extended review of public, private, and university-based initiatives under way in Ohio to grow a flexible electronics cluster, see National Research Council, Building the Ohio Innovation Economy: Summary of a Symposium, C
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, and transistors; a very good supply chain, especially in materials and production machinery; and the draw of the large European market. He cited, on the other hand, a notable lack of startups and entrepreneurs "with a clear view from research to manufacturing." Turning to the organic electronics situation in Germany, he noted the major role of government support in the development of flexible electronics technologies, beginning with the German Federal Ministry of Education and
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This network consists of collaborators who support the "full value chain" of activities "from materials and modeling to organic technology to tools to products." Taiwanese Initiatives to Support Flexible Electronics In his conference presentation, Janglin Chen of the Taiwan Display Technology Center began by observing that the R&D effort in Taiwan is primarily driven by the national government through the Ministry of Economic Affairs. ITRI, a not-for-profit organization, plays the leading role in identifying and developing promising new technologies, along with the major research universities.
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One-third of Fraunhofer's funding consists of core money provided by the German federal and state governments, roughly another third comes from research contracts with government entities, and a final third is provided through research contracts with the private sector, which are frequently supported by government grants and other financial assistance. While some studies suggest that well over 80 percent of funding comes from taxpayers,b as Dr.
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In summary, he said, "one firms' demise happened to be the other firm's fortune." As a result, much of the world's e-reader technology is now concentrated in Taiwan. Korean Initiatives to Support Flexible Electronics In his presentation, Changhee Lee of Seoul National University noted that Korea is very active in developing printing technology for displays, especially large-area, low-cost eco-displays, and flexible displays.
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Dr. Lee highlighted the important role that the Korean Display Industry Association and the Korea Printed Electronics Association are playing in moving the industry forward, saying they have "allowed the display industry to become strong." In addition, the government helped by asking industry (especially Samsung and LG)
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batteries for cell phones, portable consumer electronics, laptops, and power tools; crystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells; desktop, notebook, and netbook PCs; lowend servers; hard disk drives; consumer-networking gear such as routers, access points, and home set-top boxes; advanced composites used in sporting goods and other consumer gear; advanced ceramics; and integrated circuit packaging."7 The Future of Customizable Manufacturing Contrasting the case of the LCD platform display industry, which moved to the Far East "because a lot of the drivers and backplane technology required to manufacture the devices were there," Mr. Hannah said that the flexible electronics would have "a much simplified device structure" and could be manufactured and distributed locally in the United States.
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I think that's a really important difference." Other future electronics opportunities, he said, would emerge in the category of flexible and potentially printed electronics at human scales. These were likely to include conformable and portable photovoltaics, wearable health monitors, sensors, and flexible displays and e-books.
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Dr. Gamota noted that the iNEMI roadmap is similar to the International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors created by SEMATECH, which served as a model.
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Dodabalapur proposed the creation of a similar network of infrastructure facilities for flexible electronics, "some kind of national flexible electronics research infrastructure network to be used by university researchers and industry, which includes both startup companies as well as larger companies." He noted that something similar already functioned well in Arizona, facilitating interactions. "I think that could be a powerful way of keeping our innovation engine running smoothly, and also helping to make the important transition to commercialization." THE TASK AHEAD Michael Andrews acknowledged the "great debates" in the United States about how best to sustain domestic manufacturing and economic growth.
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We've invested reasonably well in the basic research, and in some of the applied technology areas. It's time to hit harder on developing prototypes and demonstrations, and in advancing the technology to the next level of manufacturing." Based on this workshop and additional reports and deliberations, he said, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy panel on Best Practice in National Programs for Flexible Electronics would develop recommendations on these questions to the nation.
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