Nutrition Education in the K-12 Curriculum The Role of National Standards: Workshop Summary (2013) / Chapter Skim
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4 Lessons Learned from Federal Programs
4 Lessons Learned from Federal Programs
Pages 27-42
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From page 27... ...
The Nutrition Promotion and Technical Assistance Branch in the Child Nutrition Division of USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) supports a wide variety of efforts to enable children and adolescents to make healthy eating choices.
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From page 28... ...
LOW-INCOME NUTRITION EDUCATION THROUGH THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: EFNEP AND SNAP-ED Both EFNEP and SNAP-Ed employ a social ecological framework for nutrition and physical activity decisions (see Figure 4-1)
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FIGURE 4-1 A social ecological framework for nutrition and physical activity decisions incorporates different levels of influence.
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Institution, Organizer, Community Level Agency Partners Strategies used to Local instituions/ Gain awareness Commit to change Solve community develop local partner- organizations involved problems ships, identify oppor- in the partnership Indicators show Indicators show community tunities, and eliminate and/or social marketing involvement of community group actions to adopt Indicators show barriers to nutrition campaign groups in actions to plans addressing core improvements in core education within/across address areas areas reflected by local organizations community action Social Structures, Policies, and/or Practice Policy Makers Level Identify and define issues Work toward needed Revise/adapt levers, Efforts to create/revise Universities, govern- changes policies, and practices Standards fit social systems and mental, or nonprofit Indicators show that support sustained public policies related to agencies, private identification of issues Indicators show evidence improvements here core areas sector, and governing/ related to core areas of action taken to address licensing boards changes needed in core Indicators show involved in efforts to areas evidence effect change policy related Assumptions External Factors Evaluation Focus -- Collect Data -- Analyze and Interpret -- Report FIGURE 4-2 A community nutrition education logic model indicating that nutrition standards would be incorporated in the education materials made available as inputs. SOURCE: Chipman, 2013.
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From page 31... ...
Turning to SNAP-Ed, Chipman said that the goal of the program is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP will make healthy food choices within a limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles consistent with the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans and USDA's Food Guidance System. Begun in 1992, the program currently serves all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Virgin Islands.
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From page 32... ...
According to a review of SNAP-Ed delivered through land-grant universities, more than half of participants for whom evaluation data were collected indicated eating closer to the recommended amounts of grains, vegetables, and fruits; and 38 to 62 percent of participants, depending on the specific program, increased physical activity (Sexton, 2013)
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TEAM NUTRITION AND THE HEALTHIERUS SCHOOL CHALLENGE The Nutrition Promotion and Technical Assistance Branch in the Child Nutrition Division of USDA's Food and Nutrition Service -- which goes by the name Team Nutrition -- is divided into the two categories embodied in its name,2 said the branch chief, Eileen Ferruggiaro. The technical assistance component generally is directed at the people who run school food and nutrition programs, including kitchen personnel and school nutrition di 2 See http://www.teamnutrition.usda.gov.
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From page 34... ...
"When they're working with the staff in the cafeteria, they have a basic knowledge and know why they're adjusting their recipes and menus to meet these new requirements." A new online recipe book, Recipes for Healthy Kids, includes studenttested and student-approved recipes that were developed for the new school meal pattern. The recipes include whole grains, healthy vegetables, and no more than 15 ingredients commonly available to school food services and are low in total fat, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium.
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Criteria include participating in the school lunch and school breakfast programs, offering reimbursable breakfasts and lunches that reflect the dietary guidelines and meet USDA nutrition standards, providing more nutritious competitive foods, having a local wellness policy, and providing nutrition education, physical education, and opportunities for other physical activity outside of physical education. Meal requirements include providing foods that are rich in whole grains, dark green and red/orange vegetables, legumes, and fruits.
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A STATISTICAL OVERVIEW OF NUTRITION EDUCATION Jay Hirschman, director of the special nutrition staff in the Office of Research and Analysis at USDA's Food and Nutrition Service, provided a statistical overview of research that has been done on the nature and extent of nutrition education. Data collected in 1995 from 916 public schools showed that most schools taught nutrition, with a slight decline in the last 2 years of high school (see Figure 4-3)
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An evaluation of the pilot found that students who reported an increase in the number of channels through which they received information also reported a progressive increase in improved nutrition behaviors, which testifies to the "sound underpinning" of the Team Nutrition effort, according to Hirschman. Also since the 1990s, four School Nutrition Dietary Assessment (SNDA)
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From page 38... ...
Though the sample size for the available data was small and nonrandom, participating schools did a better job than elementary schools nationwide in offering and serving lunches that met standards of the School Meals Initiative for calories and nutrients. These schools also were more likely to have requirements for classroom-based nutrition education, and food service staff at these
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM FEDERAL PROGRAMS 39 All Grades Some Grades Not Required Elementary School Middle School High School FIGURE 4-4 Almost two-thirds of public schools surveyed in school year 20092010 required classroom-based nutrition education. SOURCE: Hirschman, 2013.
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Figure bitmapped, outside type can be edited Elementary School Middle School High School FIGURE 4-6 More schools report stronger nutrition education curriculum policies since 2006. SOURCE: Hirschman, 2013.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM FEDERAL PROGRAMS 41 schools were more likely to participate in activities promoting good nutrition, such as conducting a nutrition education activity in the food service area, participating in a school meeting about local wellness policy, attending a PTA or other parent group meeting to discuss the school food service program, or participating in a nutrition education activity in the classroom. Finally, Hirschman noted that plans are under way for the fifth SNDA study.
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