Epidemiology in Military and Veteran Populations Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference, March 7, 1990 (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Psychological Effects of Military Captivity
Psychological Effects of Military Captivity
Pages 49-66
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From page 49... ...
This report presents evidence from a longitudinal study of three large, representative national samples of former POWs. The study finds that depressive symptomatology, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale, is elevated in World War II POWs from the Pacific and European theaters and in Korean conflict POWs.
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From page 50... ...
so MILITARY AND VETERAN EPIDEMIOLOGY
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From page 51... ...
Cohen and Cooper (1955) used the Army's official roster of all known World War II POWs to select random, independent samples of white Army servicemen who were captured in the Pacific and European theaters.
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From page 52... ...
Missing item responses were assigned a weight of 0, and 5 or more missing responses on a single questionnaire resulted in the assignment of a missing total score for that person. The MMPI Lie scale, which detects tendencies to place oneself in an unusually favorable light, was included to check for response bias.
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From page 53... ...
RESULTS Military Capiivi~ Data Pacific and Korean POWs reported more captivity symptoms and greater weight loss than European POWs. We note that these selfreported data were collected some 20 years ago, and the accuracy of recall should be greater than that for data collected in the late 1980s.
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From page 54... ...
The MMPI Lie scale and the Deny subscale detected very little response bias, with mean T scores close to the expected value of 50. For both scales across the three groups, mean scores ranged from 48.1 to 52.6.
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From page 55... ...
This suggests that more severe treatment, as reflected both by greater weight loss and greater number of captivity symptoms, is linked to a higher level of subsequent depressive symptoms, and that differences in severity of treatment at least partially will explain the differences in those symptoms across these POW groups. This observation, like the earlier observations, may be subject to confounding effects -- therefore the need for the following multivariate analyses.
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From page 56... ...
The final models for all three groups are statistically significant, suggesting that both captivity severity factors and demographic factors are directly predictive of later depressive symptoms. As Table 5 shows, the strongest predictors of subsequent depressive symptoms are the captivity symptom score and the number of years of education; age at capture is a significant predictor in both Pacific and Korean groups, and percent of body weight lost is a significant predictor only for Pacific POWs.
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From page 57... ...
All other things being equal, predicted Pacific and Korean POWs' depressive symptoms are essentially the same; the captivity and demographic factors shown here account statistically for the differences in subsequent depressive symptoms. The European group was not combined with the others for several reasons.
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From page 58... ...
and more tenuous parallels (nervous illness during World War II in the Australian model and captivity symptoms in the American)
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From page 59... ...
the treatment of POWs during military captivity, at least as measured by self-reported medical symptoms (in all three groups) and weight loss (in Pacific POWs)
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From page 60... ...
Factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale among Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Psychol Assess 1:163-168.
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From page 61... ...
Effects of language and ethnic status on reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale with psychiatric patients.
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From page 62... ...
62 MIL17~ARY AND VETERAN EPIDEMIOLOGY TABLE 1 CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES-DEPRESSION SCALE ITEMS Dung He past week 1. You were bothered by things that don't usualhy bother you.
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From page 63... ...
except for weight loss data where N = 366 (Pacific) , 194 (Europe)
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From page 64... ...
Less than high school 46.2 43.2 77.4 High school graduate 33.8 37.3 17.5 College 20.0 19.6 5.1 Race White 100.0 100.0 89.3 Black - - 6.S Other - - 3.9 Year of Birth 1919 or earlier 64.1 42.8 5.8 1920-1929 35.9 57.2 47.4 1930+ - - 46.8 lope of Service Infantry 10.9 42.1 71.9 Artillery 8.6 5.5 17.1 Other ground 29.6 35.6 Air Corps/Anny Air Force 32.6 42.8 Other 18.3 9.2 11.0 Rank at Separation Officer 11.1 22.1 6.3 Warrant officer/agt 34.2 14.0 14.5 T4 or corporal 52.3 37.6 52.3 Private/PFC 1.5 26.2 23.4 .
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From page 65... ...
* Officer 21.2 27.6 25.7 Warrant Officer 46.5 36.1 46.9 Sgt/Corporal 59.0 28.6 61.4 Private - 58.5 52.3 + Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale.
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From page 66... ...
* Weight loss 1.83*
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