Climate, Climatic Change, and Water Supply (1977) / Chapter Skim
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5. Identification of Economic and Societal Impacts of Water Shortages
5. Identification of Economic and Societal Impacts of Water Shortages
Pages 85-96
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From page 85... ...
Climatic change producing a reduction in water available in a particular region can result in periodic or continuously occurring periods in which water available for use is not sufficient to meet water requirements. Periodic or continuously occurring water deficits certainly will result in different responses by different water users.
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From page 86... ...
The primary concern in this paper is with identifying possible economic and societal impacts resulting from reductions in raw water supply caused by climatic variation. Droughts and water shortages often have been experienced through variation in climatic conditions in a portion of the country for specific periods of time.
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From page 87... ...
The purpose of each of these measures is to reduce water demand. A graphical description of demand reduction possibilities drawn from the report of Water Resources Engineers, Inc.
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From page 88... ...
EXAMINATION OF CASE STUDIES Several cities have experienced damaging water shortages in recent years and furnish potential laboratories for research. Some of these are York, Pennsylvania (Young et al., 1972~; Braintree, Fitchburg, and Pittsfield, Massachusetts (Russell et al., 1970~; Dallas, Texas (Bolding, 1975~; Trenton, New Jersey (The Evening Times, 1975~; the Delaware River Basin (Cyphers, 1976; Hogerty, 1970~; and the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area (Water Resources Engineers, Inc., 1975~.
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From page 89... ...
Red River water can have up to 3000 mg/liter of sodium chloride during low flow periods and several hundred mg/liter of sodium chloride during high flow periods. The utility favored pretreatment of West Fork Trinity water in lagoons followed by complete treatment resulting in both potable and palatable water.
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From page 90... ...
( 1972) undertook the task of determining economic losses that were incurred by the residential, industrial, commercial, and municipal sectors of the area served by the York Water Company.
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From page 91... ...
29,547 = $14.21 per Residential Customer aSource: Questionnaires returned by residential customers of the York Water Company. TABLE 5.2 Expenses for Emergency Services and Supplies Incurred by Large Water-Consuming Firms in the York, Pennsylvania, Area during 1966 Water Shortage Perioda 4 Firms Locally Services and Supplies Owned Well drilling Processing changes to conserve water Engineering services Losses resulting from stopping of testing ~ .
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From page 92... ...
However, it was Friday, September 5, before water really began flowing again into the reservoirs and mains, leaving the city virtually without water for several days the period Wednesday through Friday. TABLE 5.3 Expenses for Emergency Water Incurred by the York Water Company, 1966a Paid to Firms Locally Owned Extemally Owned Total Quarries Trucking Railroad Pipeline West Branch Over TOTALS $ 40,475 386,327 1,703 600 45,955 23,628 $498,688 $ 1,427 4,220 5,388 7,504 1,507 21,189 $41,235 $ 41,902 390,547 7,091 8,104 47,462 44,817 $539,923 aSource: Records of the York Water Company.
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From page 93... ...
DELAWARE RIVER BASING A major drought struck the entire northeastern United Staes in the 1960's. A serious water shortage resulted in the Delaware River Basin and caused competition be tween several major cities and states for the limited avail able water (Hogerty, 19701.
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From page 94... ...
The drought lasted until the spring of 1967, with DRBC continuing to allocate scarce water resources. The Commission successfully served to settle differences between the parties to the DRBC compact when a drought emergency struck.
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From page 95... ...
Water Resources Engineers, Inc.
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