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From page 315... ... Index A Accountability, 263-268 Activity mix, 23-24 Adhocracy, 112,113 Adoption. See Innovation adoption Ambulatory care unit case diagnostic technology in radiology and pathology in, 168-169 establishment of short procedure unit in, 162-165 health care cost payments in, 159-160 key points raised by, 153-155 and laser use in outpatient surgery, 166-168 obstetrics and gynecology technology in, 166 and payment system changes, 160-162 results of new technology in, 169-170 Argyris, C., 149-150 Arthroscopic techniques, 161-162 Attitude, 246-247 Audit trail, 264 315 Authority, employee, 95 Automated Nurse Scheduling System (ANSOS~ computer program, 19 7 B Bernheimer, Martin, 293 Blume, David, 293-294 Boeing, William E., 90 Boeing Company future steps in organizational design at, 100-101 lessons learned by, 99-100 organizational redesign within, 90-92 overview of, 89-90 Boundary phenomena, 240-242 Boundary spanners, 242 Breadth strategy, 148 Bryson, I., 150 Bull's-eye concept, 95-96 Business mix, 20-23 Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... See also Information technology diffusion status and, 246 planning for, 243-244 point of adoption in, 230-231 as technological innovation, 229 Consolidated Diesel Company (CDC) overview of, 1 19-121 role of people in development of, 124-127 strategy of, 129-130 teamwork used by, 128-129 use of technology lay, 122-124 Cost-displacement benefits, 261 Cray, Seymour, 15 Cross-functional teams, 31-32 Customers focus on, 143 role of, 128 as stakeholders, 95 D Data communication standards, 61 Data manipulation, 62 Data presentation, 62 Decentralization effects on staff of, 212 as trend in technology strategy, 77 Department of Defense, U.S., 63 Depth strategy, 148-149 Design engineers CAD/CAM integration lay, 67-68 status of, 78,79 Deskilling, employee, 8 Diagnostic related groups {DRGs I, 159,184,197-198 Diffusion, innovation, 133-136 Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... , 74-75 Employee training as aspect of implementation, 8-9 for beginning level users, 245-246 need assessment for, 9 programs established for, 66, 106-107 Employees adaptation to organizational change by, 111 impact of CAD/CAM on manufacturing, 68 innovation and commitment of, 37-38 layoffs of, 81, 92, 106 opinion surveys for, 197 out-of-community recruitment of, 126 317 performance appraisals for, 105-106 redeployment of, 92 reward systems for, 10-11, 24-27 skill levels of, 65-67 as stakeholders, 124 stress in, 114 Engineers design, 67-68, 78, 79 manufacturing, 68, 78, 79 skills of U.S., 65 status differences among, 78 system development, 68-69 Evaluation of reward system, 11 self-, 108-109 Evolutionary innovation, 16 Expert systems, 63 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) description and use of, 175-176 development of policies and procedures for use of, 178-183 financial aspects of adoption of, 177-178, 186 implementation of, 171 introduction of, 174 results of use of, 183-187 social effects of use of, 187-188 staff concerns regarding use of, 176-177 F Flexibility across work units, 40-41 in manufacturing technologies, 62 project, 41-44 at work unit level, 38-40 Flow cytometry, 168-169 Focused organizations activity mix and, 23-24 business mix and, 20-23 reward system and, 24-27 Forecasting, 42-44 Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... long-term, lo Innovation. See also Technological Gott, Steve, 301, 307 innovation Government, role in promotion of innovation, 47-48 Gynecology technology, 166 H Health care payment system redefinition of, 159-160 role of technology in changes in, 160-162, 169-170 Hierarchical cluster analysis, 201202, 217-218 Human element in technological implementation, 4-5, 244-245 Human resource strategies, 77-78 Humanware, 245 I Immunocytochemistry, 168 Implementation. Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... See Interorganizational collaboration Just-in-time inventory, 70 K Kiesler, Sarah, 275 Klammer, Franz, 155 L Labor unions business partnerships with, 46-47 contracts having new technology clauses, 78 319 fear of job loss by, 8 participation in plant design and production process, 93,99 view of structural changes by, 75-76,81 Laser, use in surgery, 166-168 Layoffs based on performance appraisals, 106 redeployment to avoid, 92 and worker trust, 81 Leadership, for technological change, 5-6 Lindquist, K., 148 Los Angeles Times computer system development of, 288-291 future outlook for, 294-295 implementation of, 291-294 motivation for, 282-284 overview of, 280-282 planning for, 284-288 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRIi, 168 Management challenges to roles and power within, 34-36 downsizing of, 12,73 as employee responsibility, 95 participative, 12 static vs. dynamic model of, 60 Managers status differences within, 78,80 Manufacturing engineers, 68,78, 79 Manufacturing industries competitive advantage and, 82-84 cultural challenges in, 78-82 resistance to use of technology in, 59-60 role of procedures in, 70-73 skill levels in, 65-70 state of technology in, 61-65 strategy in, 76-78 structure of, 73-76 Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... See Los Angeles Times computer system, and Washington Post computer system Nurse scheduling case background information regarding, 189-191 and current situation, 211 difficulties in, 194, 196-198 discussion of, 206-213 findings in, 203-206, 220-225 and issue of nurse turnover, 191-193 leek points raised by, 153-155 nature of, 198-199 policy implications of, 210211 research methods used in, 149, 199-203, 217-220 schedule choice in, 193-195, 215-216 Nurses role of preoperative, 164 INDEX turnover of, 189-193, 198, 199, 205-206, 210 o Object-oriented programming, 63 Obstetrics technology, 166 Operations research in nurse scheduling. See Nurse scheduling case Opinion surveys, employee, 197 Organizational structure changes in, 11-12, 73-76 during innovation process, 43 team concept in, 112, 126-129 technology transfer and, 238240, 248 Organizations collaboration between. Read the entire page →
From page 321... ... L., 145-147 Printed circuit boards {PCBs) , 64 Proceduralization levels of, 70-72 worker participation in, 72-73 Process control systems, 116 Process innovations, 16 Process performance, 106 Producer services, 23-24 Product innovations, 16 Pulmonary brachytherapy, 167-168 Q Quality circle (QC) Read the entire page →
From page 322... ... 44-52 communication linkages and, 30-33 flexibility and, 38-44 focus and, 20-27 likelihood of, 16 role of government in promotion of, 47-48 speed in implementation of, 27-28 INDEX Technology adaptability of, 235-236 competitive advantage and new, 82-84, 238-239 dynamic model of, 7 packaging of, 236-237 problems in use of, 2-5 scope, testing, and scale of, 234-235 selection of, 13-14 social roles and, 35-36 strategic management of, 76-78 utilization of, 231 validity and efficiency of, 233-234 Technology transfer boundary phenomena and, 240-242 framework of, 229, 231-232, 247-249 mechanisms for, 48-50 organizational level and, 238240 Training as aspect of implementation, 8-9 for beginning level users, 245-246 need assessment for, 9 programs for, 66, 106- 107 technical, 65 Tubal ligations, 166 U Unions. See Labor unions United States engineering skills in, 65 labor productivity in, 60 resistance to new manufacturing technology in, 59-60 United Way design and implementation of system for, 275-278 information system needs of, 273-274 overview of, 272-273 Read the entire page →
From page 323... ... strategy for technology introduction in/274-275 success ofsystena used by/278 Value-added beneath 261/270 Values/ 79-80 Yocationaleducation/6S W W~s6~to~ Fostconaputer system/ 290-291 coo V~bep Ai~ 151 WiIdavsky/ A B./ 145-147 Work force characteristics of/ 90-91 overeducation at 66 Work units collaboration across/ 40-41 HexibiLty atlevelof/38-40 technology transfer and/ 239-240 Workplace/integrative/32-33 Read the entire page →

From page 315...

... Index A Accountability, 263-268 Activity mix, 23-24 Adhocracy, 112,113 Adoption. See Innovation adoption Ambulatory care unit case diagnostic technology in radiology and pathology in, 168-169 establishment of short procedure unit in, 162-165 health care cost payments in, 159-160 key points raised by, 153-155 and laser use in outpatient surgery, 166-168 obstetrics and gynecology technology in, 166 and payment system changes, 160-162 results of new technology in, 169-170 Argyris, C., 149-150 Arthroscopic techniques, 161-162 Attitude, 246-247 Audit trail, 264 315 Authority, employee, 95 Automated Nurse Scheduling System (ANSOS~ computer program, 19 7 B Bernheimer, Martin, 293 Blume, David, 293-294 Boeing, William E., 90 Boeing Company future steps in organizational design at, 100-101 lessons learned by, 99-100 organizational redesign within, 90-92 overview of, 89-90 Boundary phenomena, 240-242 Boundary spanners, 242 Breadth strategy, 148 Bryson, I., 150 Bull's-eye concept, 95-96 Business mix, 20-23

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From page 316...

... See also Information technology diffusion status and, 246 planning for, 243-244 point of adoption in, 230-231 as technological innovation, 229 Consolidated Diesel Company (CDC) overview of, 1 19-121 role of people in development of, 124-127 strategy of, 129-130 teamwork used by, 128-129 use of technology lay, 122-124 Cost-displacement benefits, 261 Cray, Seymour, 15 Cross-functional teams, 31-32 Customers focus on, 143 role of, 128 as stakeholders, 95 D Data communication standards, 61 Data manipulation, 62 Data presentation, 62 Decentralization effects on staff of, 212 as trend in technology strategy, 77 Department of Defense, U.S., 63 Depth strategy, 148-149 Design engineers CAD/CAM integration lay, 67-68 status of, 78,79 Deskilling, employee, 8 Diagnostic related groups {DRGs I, 159,184,197-198 Diffusion, innovation, 133-136

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From page 317...

... , 74-75 Employee training as aspect of implementation, 8-9 for beginning level users, 245-246 need assessment for, 9 programs established for, 66, 106-107 Employees adaptation to organizational change by, 111 impact of CAD/CAM on manufacturing, 68 innovation and commitment of, 37-38 layoffs of, 81, 92, 106 opinion surveys for, 197 out-of-community recruitment of, 126 317 performance appraisals for, 105-106 redeployment of, 92 reward systems for, 10-11, 24-27 skill levels of, 65-67 as stakeholders, 124 stress in, 114 Engineers design, 67-68, 78, 79 manufacturing, 68, 78, 79 skills of U.S., 65 status differences among, 78 system development, 68-69 Evaluation of reward system, 11 self-, 108-109 Evolutionary innovation, 16 Expert systems, 63 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) description and use of, 175-176 development of policies and procedures for use of, 178-183 financial aspects of adoption of, 177-178, 186 implementation of, 171 introduction of, 174 results of use of, 183-187 social effects of use of, 187-188 staff concerns regarding use of, 176-177 F Flexibility across work units, 40-41 in manufacturing technologies, 62 project, 41-44 at work unit level, 38-40 Flow cytometry, 168-169 Focused organizations activity mix and, 23-24 business mix and, 20-23 reward system and, 24-27 Forecasting, 42-44

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From page 318...

... long-term, lo Innovation. See also Technological Gott, Steve, 301, 307 innovation Government, role in promotion of innovation, 47-48 Gynecology technology, 166 H Health care payment system redefinition of, 159-160 role of technology in changes in, 160-162, 169-170 Hierarchical cluster analysis, 201202, 217-218 Human element in technological implementation, 4-5, 244-245 Human resource strategies, 77-78 Humanware, 245 I Immunocytochemistry, 168 Implementation.

Read the entire page →

From page 319...

... See Interorganizational collaboration Just-in-time inventory, 70 K Kiesler, Sarah, 275 Klammer, Franz, 155 L Labor unions business partnerships with, 46-47 contracts having new technology clauses, 78 319 fear of job loss by, 8 participation in plant design and production process, 93,99 view of structural changes by, 75-76,81 Laser, use in surgery, 166-168 Layoffs based on performance appraisals, 106 redeployment to avoid, 92 and worker trust, 81 Leadership, for technological change, 5-6 Lindquist, K., 148 Los Angeles Times computer system development of, 288-291 future outlook for, 294-295 implementation of, 291-294 motivation for, 282-284 overview of, 280-282 planning for, 284-288 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRIi, 168 Management challenges to roles and power within, 34-36 downsizing of, 12,73 as employee responsibility, 95 participative, 12 static vs. dynamic model of, 60 Managers status differences within, 78,80 Manufacturing engineers, 68,78, 79 Manufacturing industries competitive advantage and, 82-84 cultural challenges in, 78-82 resistance to use of technology in, 59-60 role of procedures in, 70-73 skill levels in, 65-70 state of technology in, 61-65 strategy in, 76-78 structure of, 73-76

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From page 320...

... See Los Angeles Times computer system, and Washington Post computer system Nurse scheduling case background information regarding, 189-191 and current situation, 211 difficulties in, 194, 196-198 discussion of, 206-213 findings in, 203-206, 220-225 and issue of nurse turnover, 191-193 leek points raised by, 153-155 nature of, 198-199 policy implications of, 210211 research methods used in, 149, 199-203, 217-220 schedule choice in, 193-195, 215-216 Nurses role of preoperative, 164 INDEX turnover of, 189-193, 198, 199, 205-206, 210 o Object-oriented programming, 63 Obstetrics technology, 166 Operations research in nurse scheduling. See Nurse scheduling case Opinion surveys, employee, 197 Organizational structure changes in, 11-12, 73-76 during innovation process, 43 team concept in, 112, 126-129 technology transfer and, 238240, 248 Organizations collaboration between.

Read the entire page →

From page 321...

... L., 145-147 Printed circuit boards {PCBs) , 64 Proceduralization levels of, 70-72 worker participation in, 72-73 Process control systems, 116 Process innovations, 16 Process performance, 106 Producer services, 23-24 Product innovations, 16 Pulmonary brachytherapy, 167-168 Q Quality circle (QC)

Read the entire page →

From page 322...

... 44-52 communication linkages and, 30-33 flexibility and, 38-44 focus and, 20-27 likelihood of, 16 role of government in promotion of, 47-48 speed in implementation of, 27-28 INDEX Technology adaptability of, 235-236 competitive advantage and new, 82-84, 238-239 dynamic model of, 7 packaging of, 236-237 problems in use of, 2-5 scope, testing, and scale of, 234-235 selection of, 13-14 social roles and, 35-36 strategic management of, 76-78 utilization of, 231 validity and efficiency of, 233-234 Technology transfer boundary phenomena and, 240-242 framework of, 229, 231-232, 247-249 mechanisms for, 48-50 organizational level and, 238240 Training as aspect of implementation, 8-9 for beginning level users, 245-246 need assessment for, 9 programs for, 66, 106- 107 technical, 65 Tubal ligations, 166 U Unions. See Labor unions United States engineering skills in, 65 labor productivity in, 60 resistance to new manufacturing technology in, 59-60 United Way design and implementation of system for, 275-278 information system needs of, 273-274 overview of, 272-273

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From page 323...

... strategy for technology introduction in/274-275 success ofsystena used by/278 Value-added beneath 261/270 Values/ 79-80 Yocationaleducation/6S W W~s6~to~ Fostconaputer system/ 290-291 coo V~bep Ai~ 151 WiIdavsky/ A B./ 145-147 Work force characteristics of/ 90-91 overeducation at 66 Work units collaboration across/ 40-41 HexibiLty atlevelof/38-40 technology transfer and/ 239-240 Workplace/integrative/32-33

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 315-323

Index
Pages 315-323