Insect-Pest Management and Control (1969) / Chapter Skim
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IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Pages 9-22
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From page 9... ...
When adequate published data regarding a particular pest species do not exist, the identification may furnish useful information through leads derived from published data on related species. Correct identification is also an essential element of plant-quarantine enforcement, exploration for foreign parasites and predators, search for insect resistance in crop varieties or animal breeds, and selective control procedures of all kinds.
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From page 10... ...
One important deduction is that in the absence of certain modifying forces, the original frequencies of the genes in a large population can be expected to remain virtually unchanged in generation after generation. Changes in gene frequency in a large population may be expected if some of the genes in question mutate to another allele, some individuals possessing the gene are removed by natural selection before reproducing; or some of the individuals possessing the gene migrate from the population, or additional individuals migrate to the population.
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From page 11... ...
A biological species is formed by groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups or by the largest and most inclusive reproductive community of sexual and cross-fertilizing individuals which share in a common gene pool. The significance of these rudiments of the theory of population genetics may now be examined.
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From page 12... ...
The critical importance to agricultural entomology of studies of the systematics and evolution of pest species is demonstrated by species and variants of the weevil genus Hypera attacking alfalfa in the United States and Canada. A strain of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal, was introduced into Utah from the Old World sometime prior to 1904.
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From page 13... ...
that are intended to express the degrees of relationship that taxonomic methods reveal. Taxonomists differ on such philosophical questions as whether taxonomic categories, including the species, actually exist in nature, and whether a
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From page 14... ...
In 1937 more-precise taxonomic studies correctly placed red scale in the oriental genus Aonidiella, and the most promising natural enemies have been obtained from the Orient. IDENTIFICATION OF INSECT PESTS Taxonomic specialists in a position to make primary identifications of pest species or to refer inquiries to other specialists are employed by government
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From page 15... ...
. A useful guide to published information on insect pests and their control is the Review of Applied Entomology, a periodical of worldwide scope, published in London since 1913, which consists of two series, one providing abstracts of papers relating to agricultural entomology, the other, those relating to medical and veterinary entomology.
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From page 16... ...
Control measures were directed against this "species" throughout much of its range. However, careful taxonomic studies eventually showed that the European "maculipennis" consisted of a complex of closely related sibling species with different geographical ranges, habitat preferences, and breeding habits.
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From page 17... ...
savignyi transmits organisms that produce the fever. A more recent example of the need for meticulous taxonomic studies to support research on disease relationships of ticks has been cited, wherein the virus of Quaranfil fever in Egypt is associated with the tick Argas arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls, a species that would until recently have been identified as the closely related A
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From page 18... ...
Patterns automatically derived from gas chromatography or mass spectrometry might serve the purpose of the systematist equally well without necessarily identifying the responsible compounds. Progress in the area of an automated systematic procedure is retarded not merely by a lack of suitable instruments but also by our imperfect knowledge
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From page 19... ...
Turning now to information retrieval, the goal of an automated procedure might be to ask, "What is known about XI" and to receive copies or a visual display of the desired information in the desired language. To achieve this end, the actual text and graphic material would have to be placed in the computer; the information in the articles would have to be cross-indexed and, if necessary, translated; and portions of the articles would have to be reproduced on demand.
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From page 20... ...
1965. Common names of insects approved by the Entomological Society of America.
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From page 21... ...
1964. Household insect pests.
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From page 22... ...
I., Editors. Biological control of insect pests and weeds.
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