Insect-Pest Management and Control (1969) / Chapter Skim
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Pages 1-8
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It was planned to interpolate recent attitudes and philosophies with the established principles and techniques that have served as the foundation for past pest-control programs. This approach includes an introduction to the ecological background underlying pest management, a discussion of the entire spectrum of control methodology, and the blending of these methods into dynamic systems of pest management.
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It is estimated that in the United States 150 to 200 species or complexes of related species frequently cause serious damage. From time to time, 400 to 500 additional species are pests and may cause serious damage.
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The pervasive nature of a few pesticide residues in the environment and in plants, animals, and man is justifiable cause for concern. This matter received the attention of the President's Science Advisory Committee in the United States, and its findings appear in the Report of the Environmental Pollution Panel issued in November 1965.
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Some individuals show marked local reactions to certain insect bites. Also, an insect bite offers an opportunity for pathogenic organisms to penetrate the skin and cause serious infection.
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The average annual loss from such insect pests and the cost of control in the United States during the period 1951-1960 is estimated at about $6.8 billion. Of this total, a loss of $6.1 billion was from crop, rangeland, turf, ornamental-plant, forest, forest-product, stored-product, livestock, and poultry insects, and from insect pests of honey bees.
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In evaluating different methods of control for a particular pest, the harmless level of infestation, or the economic threshold, should be considered. The ecological factors affecting insect populations are of major importance in insect-pest control.
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Thorough inspections by trained personnel reveal whether control measures are actually needed and point out potential trouble spots or conditions especially favorable to insect-pest development, so that they can be eliminated or corrected. In planning the control of major insect pests, provisions must be made for obtaining adequate information on their activity and economic infestation levels (see Chapter 3)
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120pp. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Division, Survey and Detection Operations.
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