NASA'S Role in Aeronautics A Workshop (1981) / Chapter Skim
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THE OUTLOOK FOR GENERAL AVIATION
THE OUTLOOK FOR GENERAL AVIATION
Pages 91-106
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From page 91... ...
It is defined as all aviation except military and air carrier. Consequently, it includes personal, sport, training, agricultural, air taxi, and business flying.
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From page 92... ...
Another condition that has built business aviation is the high load factor necessary to conserve fuel and achieve low airline fares. High load factors frequently mean leaving people at the gate.
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From page 93... ...
In contrast, the overall general aviation average is about l6 per l00 million, or 400 times worse than the commercial airlines. Even the much maligned passenger car fatality rate, which has dropped considerably in recent years with the advent of lower speeds and the use of safety belts, only runs l.4 and our general aviation rate is l0 times that.
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From page 94... ...
Going back to the economic number I commented on earlier, we in the general aviation industry feel we have a stature today that says we have been seriously neglected in the share of NASA research. The biggest single potential improvement that is offered by the new technology is in the field of composite materials (see Table 3)
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From page 95... ...
Aircraft piston engines could be significantly better both in power-weight ratios and specific fuel consumption. Composite materials should be used extensively for weight reduction.
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From page 96... ...
The use of pusher propellers should be made practical for the future as a result of using composites for lightweight blades plus helicopter technology providing the lightweight, reliable drive shafts and gear boxes. This approach offers significant drag reduction, because there is no propeller slipstream impinging either on the fuselage or on the cells.
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From page 97... ...
The drive shaft would pass through a center-tunnel armrest, as in a sports car. Wide chord composite propellar blades would provide good efficiencies at a high-altitude cruise.
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From page 98... ...
By using a tandem wing configuration, minimum drag is achieved with good control power. This also makes possible an aft location of the turboprops to provide minimum cabin noise.
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From page 99... ...
Put together, this is a very serious threat, which in a five-year period could easily take the general aviation market away from the United States. A very important aspect of the export market is the fact that in developing nations, where there are no railway or highway networks, general aviation aircraft can provide instant transportation systems with a very small capital investment.
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From page 103... ...
TABLE 2 General Aviation Fuel Efficiency MPG (Statute) Seat Miles Per Gallon Skyhawk Pressurized 2l0 42l Conquest Citation II l7 l2 7 5.5 3.5 68 72 49 55 30 COMPOSITE CHARACTERISTICS TENSILE COMPRESSIVE DENSITY MATERIAL STRENGTH MODULUS STRENGTH MODULUS #/CUR INR io3 PSI 106PSI io3 PSI io6 PSI KEVLAR 49 GRAPHITE ALUMINUM 200 110 60 11 40 100 36 10.5 28.0 10.5 .05 .06 .10 2024 T3 28 10.5 (YIELD)
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From page 104... ...
FIGURE 6 An Example of a Minimum 4-Place Aircraft of the Future FIGURE 7 An Example of a Turbo-Charged Diesel-Powered 4-Place Aircraft FIGURE 8 An Example of a Minimum-Cost Twin Engine Aircraft l04
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From page 105... ...
FIGURE 9 An Example of a Twin-Turbine Single-Propeller Aircraft FIGURE l0 A Mach 0.95 Business Jet of the l990s FIGURE ll An Example of a Future 50-Passenger Short-Haul Commuter Aircraft l05
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