Catalysis Looks to the Future (1992) / Chapter Skim
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pages 1-9
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From page 1... ...
It is one of the nation's few industries that produces a favorable trade balance; the United States now exports chemical products amounting to almost twice the value of those that it imports (exports of roughly $37 billion compared to imports valued at about $21 billion) .2 Between 1930 and the early 1980s, 63 major new products and 34 process innovations were introduced by the chemical industry.
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From page 2... ...
producers of commodity and fine chemicals will need to shift to lower-cost feedstocks and processes exhibiting higher product selectivity. Taken together, these forces provide a strong incentive for increasing research efforts aimed at the discovery and development of novel catalytic processes and for continuing to extend the frontiers of catalytic science.
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The best-known example deals with catalytic converters that remove pollutants from the exhaust gases of automobiles. Catalytic converters for automobiles were first installed in the United States in the early 1970s.
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For this reason, future research strategies should be focused on developing methods with an ability to observe the catalytic reaction steps in situ or at least the catalytic site at atomic resolution. There is also a need to link heterogeneous catalytic phenomena to the broader knowledge base in solutions and in well-defined metal complexes.
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From page 5... ...
As opposed to some other areas of technology, the United States still plays a leadership role in catalysis, as evidenced by the general superiority of U.S petroleum conversion processes and most chemical processes, and by the net positive chemical trade balance of the United States. However, this position is eroding rapidly, due to the heavy investment in R&D of Japan and the European Community.
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Therefore, industry should strive for an updated balance between long- and short-range research, aimed at taking advantage of these opportunities. This would be facilitated by long-range business and technology planning; technology forecasting and trend analysis; a more stable commitment to strategic projects, joint development, and joint venture programs with other companies for risk sharing; and high-quality project selection and evaluation methodologies.
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From page 7... ...
For National Laboratories The national laboratories have been highly effective in developing novel instrumentation for catalyst characterization, operating large-scale user facilities (i.e., synchrotron radiation sources, pulsed neutron sources, and atomic resolution microscopes) , and applying the most advanced experimental and theoretical techniques to study structure-function relationships critical for understanding catalysis at the molecular level.
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undertake collaborative research with industry focused on developing fundamental understanding of the structureproperty relationships of industrially relevant catalysts and catalytic processes, and on using such understanding for the design of important new catalysts; 2. continue the development of novel instrumentation for in situ studies of catalysts and catalytic phenomena; 3.
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From page 9... ...
The human and institutional resources available in the United States for carrying out research on catalysis are summarized in Chapter 4. The panel's findings and recommendations for industry, academe, the national laboratories, and the federal government are presented in fuller detail in Chapter 5.
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