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Toward a New Era in U.S. Manufacturing The Need for a National Vision (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Index
Pages 167-174

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From page 167...
... See also Computer-integrated manufacturing; Numerical control; Robots Automobile industry, 18, 87 ceramics in, 81-82 metals developments in, 78 plastics and polymer-based composites in, 78-79 policy recommendations for, 137-138 Automotive Industry Action Group, 87 AVCO, 118 Aviation industry, 136-137 B Bar code technologies, 8~87 Black and Decker Corporation, 18 C Capital, cost of, 12, 16 Capital formation, policy recommendations, 139, INS, 154 Capital investment, 44, 59 future orientation of, 59 as a percentage of output, 12, 16 policy recommendations for, 133 trends in, 2,12 167
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From page 168...
... See also Data bases data management and, 45-46, 121 feedback systems in, 36, 115 goals of, 119 group technology in, 112-114 growth of, 120 hierarchical nature of, 121-122 incremental gains from, 119 lack of interface standards for, 107 limitations of, 41-42 long-term benefits, 129 maintenance costs of, 43 measurement of performance, 129 and numerical control, 39 policy recommendations for, 147 productivity and, 43
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From page 169...
... See also Management accounting systems changes in, 58 computer-integrated manufacturing and, 126-130 real-time, 126 Cutting tools, advances in, 91 D Data bases, 109-112 artificial intelligence and, 111-112 barriers to integration, 108-111 distributed, 121 expert systems and, 111-112 need for integration, 109 probabilistic or incomplete data in, 111 size problems with, 111 Data management, 45-46 Data schemes, 110-111 Decision making criteria for, 56-57 decentralization of, 52-54 factory-level, 56-57 Defense commitments, 23-24 Defense industry, policy recommendations for, 145-146 Defense policies, 68-69 Defense procurement system, shortcomings of, 69 Department of Commerce, 143, 152 Department of Defense, 137, 145-146 Design retrieval in group technology, 113 Digital Equipment Corporation, 101 Direct government subsidies, 62 Direct labor, 43 Distributed processing, 121 Dumping, 62 EEducation. See also Training; Retraining engineering, 65-66 government policies toward, 65-66 policy recommendations, 132, 142, 151-152 posteecondary, 65 Electrical discharge machining, 90, 92 Electronics industry, policy recommendations for, 13~140 Employee evaluations.
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From page 170...
... subcontracting, 56 Initial Graphics Exchange Standard, 98, 10~107 Instrumentation, 95-96. See also Adapti~re closed-loop control; Sensors Intellectual ownership, 52-54, 55 Intellectual property rights, protection of, 64 Interest rates, 20 Interface standards, 10~109 human-machine, 107-108 physical between mechanical devices, 10~109 International Business Machines, 19 International Standards Organization, 106 Investment, policy recommendations for productivity, 135 UIslande of automation," 32, 120 J Japan, 11,13, 18, 50, 84, 90,118 Jigs, 92 Job creation limits on, 59 policy recommendations for automa, tion, 151 Job rotation, 54, 57 Job security.
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From page 171...
... nondefense, 13 recent U.S. performance, 11-16 and research, 67 responsiveness in, 33-37 systems approach to, 3, 5~52, 72, 79, 102-105 traditional view of, 1~11 trends in, 1, 7, 71 Manufacturing automation protocol, 87, 106, 107 Manufacturing resource planning, 120121 Manufacturing Studies Board, 61 Manufacturing system, definition of, 102 Manufacturing technology programs, 68 Material handling, 32, 44 data bases and, 110 design technology, 88 equipment technology, 8~87 trends in, 83-88 Material processing, 44-45 Material transformation, developments in, 8~102 Materials, 4~45 automatic identification of, 86-87 controlling of, 86-87 cutting technologies for, 90 developments in, 7~83 general issues related to, 82-83 lack of data on, 82 press-working technologies for, 90-91 recycling and scrap problems, 83 storing of, 85-86 supply and inventory problems, 8283 tooling and, 91-92 transporting of, 84-85 Mathematical modeling, 116 Messerschmidt-Boelkow-Blohm, 118 Metals plating of, 77 processing and forming of, 76-gO substitutions among, 77 Metals and metal-based composites, developments among, 77 Microelectronics industry, 99.
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From page 172...
... , 153-155 Press working technologies, 9~91 Price determinants of, 6 elasticity, 20 and technology, 34, 42 Process engineering, 9 Process improvements, 2, 22 Process planning data bases for, 10~110 group technology applications to, 114 large-ecale factory systems and, 116 Producibility, 34, 110 Product development, 2 Product differentiation, 34, 42 Product engineering, 9 Product liability, 140, 143 Product life cycle and income mew surement, 128 Production planning, 10 Production process, systems approach and, 50-51 Productivity, 11-13 in compute~integrated manufacturing, 43 goals for, 136 go~remment actions to promote, 149150 growth worldwide, 11, 12 incentives for, 148 measurement of, 148 policy recommendations for, 135136, 147-148, 148-150
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From page 173...
... See also Education; Training Robots, 87, 93, 94, 122 graphic simulation of, 99 off-line programming of, 99-100 programming languages for, 97, 108 smart, 96-97, 108 RS-232 interface standard, 107 S Scheduling systems, large-scale factory systems and, 116 Scientific management techniques, 10 Sealant systems, 79 Sensors, 94-96, 122 research in, 95 in robots, 96 Service depot streamlining by group technology, 113-114 Services, 5, 24 Shugart Associates, 19 Simulation, 116-117 SLA1VI, 116 Smart robots, 96-97, 108 Standard of living, 24-25 Steel industry, 18-19 policy recommendations for, 144-145 Stockholder information, 58 Storage carousel conveyors, 85 Storing of materials, 85-86 STRADIS, 115 Subcontracting, 56 Supercomputers, 67 Supplier relations, 50 System modeling, 116-117 Systems approach to manufacturing, 3, 5~52 T Table programming systems, 108 Taxes, policy recommendations, 133 for automobile industry, 138 for pharmaceutical industry, 140 for productivity, 135 for technology, 134 for textile industry, 141 Technical schools, 65 Technology, 2, 31-48, 71 capital investment in, 43-44 and defense, 68-69 in design and production, 32 effect on factor costs, 42-46 implementation of, 32, 42 innovations in, 6, 32 objectives of, 32-33 organizational changes required by, 2-3, 32, 33, 42
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From page 174...
... , 155156 X Xerox Corporation, 19
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Key Terms

  • machine tool
  • tool industry
  • textile industry
  • automobile industry
  • steel industry

  • electronics industry
  • pharmaceutical industry
  • numerical control
  • employment security
  • interface standards

  • capital investment
  • defense commitments
  • automatic identification
  • government policies
  • artificial intelligence

  • graphic simulation
  • employee participation
  • defense policies
  • aviation industry
  • flexible manufacturing

  • future orientation
  • industry action
  • tool industryreport
  • scientific management
  • product engineering

  • report computer
  • performance evaluation
  • cutting technologies
  • international economic
  • communications technology


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