Strengthening Research in Academic OB/GYN Departments (1992) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX A - PREPARING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
APPENDIX A - PREPARING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
Pages 229-268
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From page 229... ...
Above the mantel at his home at 13 Norm Gardens, Oxford, Sir William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford Unive~t:y, had a ttyp~ch with paintings of three great physicians: Thomas linacm, Thomas Syd~, and William Harvey. Lore sow for 1ealDing in the classics, Sydenham for practice, and Harvey for science Aching, 1925)
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From page 230... ...
In part, As is due to forces external to the specialty economic, ethical, political, Ad social. But there Is also a dears of physic~-scientists "d clinical investigators who c" contribute to advances In the reproductive sciences Ad serve as role models for students, house staff, and others.
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From page 231... ...
A few of Me individuals were supported by He Maple Scholar Program or He Macy Foundation; many were ftmded by the N~iona1 lbsti~es of Health (see the later disc~on below)
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From page 232... ...
Ibitially, the foundation provided SS, 000 per annum for up to 5 years to supplement support by Me scholar's institution. The purpose of tile program was To improve medical education and research by giving both recognition and fillancial support to bright young teachers, investigators, "d administrators, and helping them to prepare for positions of leadership in Anemic medicine..
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From page 233... ...
A feats of the Mile program was a Dies of gimbal 2 day meetings in which the scholars "d other edu~rs discuss key issues related to medical education. These mugs, organic and rim by the scholars themselves,
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From page 234... ...
If -= ~ ~O ~ ~ ~ ~= e " TIC INCH ~ TIC ~, ~ ~ ~ ~g ,. ~ .~ ~ AS ~ ^ ~ ~ TIC Marco..
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From page 235... ...
It might be qu~oned, therefore, to what extent He program had a major impact on the entry of young scientists mto academic medicine, or their retention or advancement. For more Can a quarter of a century, Mate scholars have symbolized leadership in American medical education.
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From page 236... ...
Fellowship awards were S15,000 pet year for 3 years. 16 1963, the Macy Foundation endowed professorships in obstetrics at both Col~bia's College of Physician and Surgeons and die Harvard Medical School (Macy Foundation, 1965 Annual Report)
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From page 237... ...
Iittle Pant C MacDonald Gi;rgis Milthail Hoot Nanjoks Columbia University Harvard Medical School lIarvard Medical School University of Florida Duke University University of Arizona Mater for Population ResearchJ~ICHO Washington Unit Northw~n University Washington University Harvard Medical School Vanderbilt Univ~ty Harvard Medical School American University of Being University of London Georgetown University Harvard Medical School University of North Caroline Harvard Medical School University of Pittsburgh Albany Medical College Columbia Universitr Comell Medical College Gore Western Reserve Umv.
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From page 238... ...
In addition to co~ermces held on ge~abon dig the 1950s, the Macy Foundation supported conferences on reteaching the Biological and Medical Aspects of Reproduchon to Medical Students. (Macy Foundation, 1966)
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From page 239... ...
Beginning in 1952, the Ford Foundation began to support research in the reproductive sciences, particularly in contraceptive development and safety; it also supported res=h and training in the social sciences relating to population issues and family planning programs ~ developing colmtries. At the end of Hat dole, it appointed a committee to dete~e He steps it should take to develop the scientific basis for a program in population control.
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From page 240... ...
Mellon foundations to fimd reproductive research in fell ~ion, proving about S1 million per yew to this effort Ford Foundation, 19821. ~ 1990, however Me foundation's population program was reorg~i~ to place mc~ emphasis on Me social science aspects of reproductive heals (Ford Foundation, 19903.
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From page 241... ...
After 3 years, however, the Ford Foundation withdrew from this effort following a soft in program emphasis Allot Fo~mdation, 1985~. By Me end of 1989, when Me program was discontinued, the Mellon Foundation had contribute S9.3 nonillion to the beseech effort.
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From page 242... ...
Car er development awards (the 1` sanest, such as Dose for clinical investigators ~08) and physic~an-scientists ~11, R12)
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From page 243... ...
degree basic science experdse K08, Clinical Investigator M.D. 5 Prepare clinics for Award (CLA)
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From page 244... ...
men (i.e., men talented Ace respect to research and scientific investigation) entering Obstetrics and Gynecology and Whereas the American Gynecological Society is comb of men largely responsible for Anemic and scientific standards this profession, therefore Be it resolved that the study be condnued with committees or subcoD~ttms of be following general character:
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From page 245... ...
:~ addition, 1~ it recognized the limitations of this approach, the society obtained financial assistance Cam We Josiah Macy, Ir., Foundation to support a more complete survey by a professional educator. Earle T
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From page 246... ...
. 1h addition, a quesdoDnai~e sent to 515 students at 11 medical schools who were to glade in 1959 revealed that half of He students entering ob~cs and gynecology were from He lower third of their class, win few candidates (15 percent)
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From page 247... ...
American A~ociadon of Obs~rimanc anti Gynecology Foundation S - MOP PI Since 1984, Me American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation (AAOGF) , the philanthropic aim of the American Gynecological Id Obstetrical Societr (AGOS)
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From page 248... ...
sports and ad~sters several programs and fellowships for basic Ad clinical research Paining. For example, AGOG helps to support one of He Reproductive Scientist Development Program awarders (see below)
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From page 249... ...
(Years) Year American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation/Amencao Gynecological and Obstetrical Society Basic 40,000 2 2-3 research in reproductive sciences American College of Obste~ici~ & Gynecologists CIBA Study the 25,000 2 1 endocnnology of the post reproductive woman Ethicon Study 20,000 1 ~ovabons in gynecologic ~gm Ortho Academic Improve 30,000 1 6 Tnuning skills ~ Fellowship basic research!
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From page 250... ...
+3 research Burroughs Wellcome Support for 35,000 2 1 one AAOG fellowship Reproductive Scientist Cell and 50,000 2-3 3 Training Program molecular +10,000 ~+3 ~I/NICHD, AAOGF/ biology in the AGOS, ACOG, APGO, reproductive ADS, GynoPharma sciences NOTE: N~CHD = National Institutes of HealthlNational l~mtc of Child Health and Dc~rclopmcnt. Nor rcscarch supped.
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From page 251... ...
This group included representatives from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) , the American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society (AGOS)
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From page 252... ...
NOTE: REAP = Reproductive Scientist Development Program. The source of support for all individuals includes NDI.
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From page 253... ...
Although He active research program is the sine qua non of ~ Scenic depar~t, few its can afford such a program without outside support. Mdnpower ~ Academic O - ethics and Gynecology Current Status and Fllture Needs Recent Piston Because consideration of research training in He reproductive science must be viewed ~ Me context of academic obstetrics and gynecology in general, it is appropriate to consider the recent history of distal hum resources and protectors for the future.
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From page 254... ...
, although no dissection was made in the need for physician~cientists versus Me need for clinical investigators. The situation for physician-scientists Is even less clew.
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From page 255... ...
8 it -- e ~ ~ ~ of ~, s ~ of 3~ it O.e., 7.5 ~ ~ ~ Id ~ ~ ~ ~ am. ~ ~' if ~ of ~ ~ _ eden of ~ ~ 2 ~ 3 -~, ~ Id =~ 1 O.e ~ 2.S _.
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From page 257... ...
- ~ so an q.
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From page 258... ...
This effort will require well-trained, first-me physician scientists and clinical investigators who big both Heir clinical perspective and insights and Heir scientific skills to He new challenges of reproductive science. Thus, academic obstetrics and gynecology must propagate the physician-scientist and provide an env~nmect of nurb~re and support.
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From page 259... ...
for physician-scientists and clinical investigators. Finally, it is an Comment in which medical student and house staff are stimulate to seed an academic care=.
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From page 260... ...
Clinical Investigators The clinical investigator plays a key role in designing, conducing, and interp~g clini=1 teals, metabolic studies, ding eval~ons, epidemiologic studies, and related research. There is consequendy a need for more and beer Gained clinical investigators in obstetrics and gynecology.
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From page 261... ...
The Role of Private Fo~mdations The Maple Scholar Program had aD impact on He qualigr of academic medicine for out of proportion to He money it provided. Although this effect was particularly apparent ~ d~ents of it mat medicine, pathology, pediatrics, and general surgery, it could also be seen in departments of obstetrics and gynecology.
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From page 262... ...
, or who had received a Research Career Development Award (RCDA) since 1975.
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From page 263... ...
This result agrees with an institute of Medicine report (1983) 0t decisions for a research career are off made in medical school (see also Bums, 1984, and ~man, 1990~.
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From page 264... ...
One Fondest also suggested that medical schools should resewe some admission positions for applicants who already have a doctoral or ~ least advanced research Paining. He also suggested that more medical students should be exposed to physician-scientists in Dents of Fabrics and gynecology, so Bat potential recruits will be imbue with the excitement of research, problem solving, and research opportunities ~ reproduction.
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From page 265... ...
Developmental gets could be limited to 5 yews or so, after which ~e group should apply to the regular fading agencies.. Two other issues are of significance: DADS of medical schools, chai~ns, or directors of Mosaics and gynecology documents should be sensitized to the issue of the critics shortage of physiciaDscientists within Me Giants.
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From page 266... ...
Report of a Confc~ce SupponcdJo~ly by the NatioDaI Itch of Child Hce12h and Hump Dc~clopmcmand~cJ~h Macy, Jr., FoundatioD.. New York, Josiah Macy, fir., Foundation, 1980.
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From page 267... ...
Mellon Foundation, liom Jay 1, 1~, through December 31, 1990. New Yolk: ~cw W Mellon F~adon, 1990.
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