Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Addendum to Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1992) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Possible Mechanisms for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: The Limbic System and Others
Possible Mechanisms for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: The Limbic System and Others
Pages 139-150
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 139... ...
. An apparent threshold effect referred to by some as the patient's total load, a theoretical construct that has been invoked to help explain why an ~ndiw~u~ develops this syndrome at a particular time.
|
From page 140... ...
The most Frequently cited physiological theories to explain chemical serif involve the nervous system, the immune system, or the interaction between them because these two systems most clearly linic the external environment and the internal milieu.2 The rapid responsiveness of these systems also makes them attractive candidates because symptoms of food or chemical sensitivity have been reported to develop within seconds of exposure. Many chemicals, sum as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
|
From page 141... ...
, hyperemotionali~, loss of motivation, excessive sugar and water intake, and fear of unfamiliar situations ~saacson, 1982) , phenomena reported by some chemically sensitive individuals.
|
From page 142... ...
Comments D=g and memory decrements are a frequent consequence of exposure to tome substances, and some researchers view the hippocampus as a prime target for such toucans (Office of Technology Assessment, 1990; Walsh, 19883. Damage to the hippocampus itself, or to nerves leading to or Tom it, may adversely affect the synthesis, storage, release, or inactivation of the excitatory and inhibitory amino acids that serge as neurotransmitters in this region of the bram.
|
From page 143... ...
feeding, drinking, digestive, and metabolic activities, including water balance, addictive eating leading to obesity, and complete refusal of food and water leading to death; (43 aggressive behanor, including such physical mamfestai~os~s of emotion such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal responses (Gilman, 1982~. The hypothalamus is also the locus at which sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems converge.
|
From page 144... ...
Bokina found impaired speed of execution and coordination of execution and complex motor processes ~ humans repeatedly exposed to carbon disulfide' for 1~ to 15-m~nute mtenrals at subsensory levels (Bokina, 1976~. Animals primed by him or chronic lower concentrations of venous chemicals, such as formaldehyde and ozone, and subsequently reenclosed to even lower concentrations of the came chemicals showed an Unleased tendency toward paroxysmal electrical discharge In the amygdala (Bobbie, 1976~.
|
From page 145... ...
Tngemmal free nerve endings ~ the nose and mouth detect Porous chemicals and reBe~vely initiate protective responses including cessation of breathing, constriction or dilatation of the airways, reduction in heart rate and cardiac output, constriction of most blood vessels (except capillaries in Me head) , increased epinephrine release, changes in blood pressure and efforts to withdraw (Silver and Marun~ak, 1981~.
|
From page 146... ...
Rea notes that other tissues containing smooth muscle such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and gen~tourmary systems are frequently involved ~ these patients (Rea, l9T7~. Impaired blood vessel or altered smooth muscle function might explain the diverse and seemingly unrelated symptoms occurring in patients witl1 multiple chemical sensitivities.
|
From page 147... ...
1~ ~ pa ~ bow roared of ~ pompon of dew aver oneness ad toter== for ~k c~o~ent. abed des~pHo~ seem 10 sagest ~e loss of ~ ~t_le Dada 10 Cat pan of -~ ma be temporal ad rec~er~le ad odor pad of ^~ ma not.
|
From page 148... ...
1983. Biochemical pathology initiated by free radicals, o=dant chemicals, and therapeutic drugs in the etiology of chemical hypersensitivity disease J Orthomolecular Psychiatry.
|
From page 149... ...
1989. The influence of an illusion of control on panic attacks induced via inhalation of 55 percent carbon diomde-ennched air.
|
From page 150... ...
Transport of molecules from nose to bram: transneuronal antegrade and retrograde labeling In the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinni"-horseradish peromdase applied to nasal epithelium. Brain Res.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.