Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-22
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From the end of World War IT into the last decade, U.S. aircraft, engines, and parts have been among the leaders of, and in most cases have dominated, both the domestic and the foreign markets for subsonic transports, general aviation, commuter, and military aircraft.
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Jenkintou~, Pa. 3 According to information published by the Aerospace Industries Association ~ 1991 (Aerospace Facts and Figures 91-923, subsonic transport aircraft accounted for $27.64 billion in sales in 1990 (in then-year dollars)
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aeronautics community, including NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) , aircraft manufacturers, and air carriers, if the United States is to maintain or increase its share of the global aircraft market: lower cost and greater convenience, greater capacity to handle passengers arid cargo, reduced environmental impact, greater aircraft and ATM system safety, improved aircraft performance, more efficient technology transfer from NASA to industry, and reduced product development times.
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5. Improved aircraft performance: Advances in performance of conventional subsonic aircraft, rotorcraft, short takeoff and landing aircraft, and supersonic aircraft will enable more viable expansion into new markets and expansion of existing routes.
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This does not imply that industry should guide government efforts, nor does it imply that the government should be involved in choosing which technologies are most appropriate for commercial application. The Committee believes that an approach is possible wherein government agencies, universities, and commercial entities work together to define and develop the appropriate technologies without jeopardizing the autonomy of basic research or the constraints of fair trade.
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At the same time, the potential future market for HSCT is significant, and NASA should continue research on noise, sonic boom, and emissions, and should be on the forefront of the technology research and development required to bring about a technically and economically viable HSCT. In short, it is vital that an appropriate balance be struck between programs with immediate benefits to the nation and those that lay the groundwork for the future.
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civil space sales accounted for approximately $3.4 billion in 1990, while NASA devoted nearly $5.1 billion to space-related research and development. Shipments of civil aircraft, engines, and parts accounted for more than $33 billion in 1990, whereas the 1990 NASA budget devoted only $0.889 billion (including research into military aircraft, construction of facilities, and research and operations support)
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C This category includes research and technology development in the traditional aeronautical disciplines that is not aimed at specific vehicle or component applications, or that applies to all vehicle classes. f {his category is primarily made up of the National Aerospace Plane Program (NASP)
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General Recommendation: NASA should increase its investments in research and technology development to support future subsonic transports to reflect the importance of this segment of the market. Specific Recommendation: NASA should plan and execute a major technology development and validation activity for advanced subsonic transports that is more extensive than that proposed for the HSCT program.
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NASA should continue its work toward advances In HSCT propulsion technology that reduce noxious emissions and engine noise. 6 According to NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology, the current proposed funding for Phase 2 of the High-Speed Research JISR-2)
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~^-_~.~^v~_ -_,_ ~BALL A1A~_L ~Em The following recommendations pertain to NASA's efforts to incorporate short-haul aircraft into its overall aeronautics program: General Recommendation: NASA should enlarge its support of the key technologies for general aviation, commuter aircraft, and rotorcraft through extensive validation, and should both sponsor and participate in comprehensive system studies to define total aircraft systems, with investigations into their technical and economic characteristics. This should include a more equal balance between rotorcraft and conventional short-haul aircraft.
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aircraft less intrusive, substantial competitive advantage may be forfeited. The following recommendations address the issues involved in reducing the environmental impact of aircraft in an effort to focus NASA's ongoing noise and atmospheric research programs.
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airports, and the condition is as bad, or worse, in Europe and the Far East. The problem lies in the limited capacity of airports to accommodate aircraft on the ground, the limited capacitor of the air traffic management system to accommodate aircraft in the air, and the difficulties in integrating the two.
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The following recommendations reflect the Comm~ttee's concerns about the level of technology validation that is performed in this discipline and include several specific areas in which NASA should enhance its capabilities. General Recommendation: NASA must continue to provide the necessary resources for aerodynamics research and validation, including resources focused on specific key technologies, resources to maintain and enhance ground and flight test facilities, and resources for enhanced analytical and design capabilities.
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aircraft propuIsion/airframe integration for both subsonic and supersonic aircraft; 3. low speed and high lift for subsonic configurations, including wake mechanics, wake vortex, and measurement technology; 4.
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Specific Recommendations: 4. much greater emphasis on subsonic transport propulsion systems where the United States has lost its technological edge over foreign competitors; continued support for the HSCT propulsion program; and a strong, broad-based propulsion technology program to position the United States for the post-2000 short-hau!
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General Recommendation: NASA's structures and materials program should emphasize continuing fundamental research to achieve both evolutional and revolutionary advances in materials and structures, as well as focused technology programs in materials and structures to address specific aircraft system requirements. This should include: a major role in establishing the data base that is required for realistic materials- and structures-related regulations; a significant increase in NASA's investment in the technology of shaping, forming, and fastening; and a lead role in stimulating innovative structural design and manufacturing research for both airframes and engines in a program conducted jointly with industry.
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NASA's program of materials and structures research for the HSCT should give high priority to developing basic composite materials, advanced metallic systems, and design concepts and processing techniques for 225-375°F operations. The 19SOs saw a significant change in the nature of commercial air transportation and military aircraft operations as a consequence of remarkable growth in application of new avionics.
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and enhancement of safety. NASA has a wide range of expertise in cognitive engineering as related to both aircraft and space systems, but NASA's current programs should be enhanced and focused to produce real improvements in flight systems.
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NASA's current research in error alleviation should be expanded to include: · systems that can detect developing critical situations, independent of the crews's alertness, and inform and assist the crew regarding appropriate corrective measures; concepts, methods, criteria, and the technology for error-tolerant system design; and development of prototype, "massively smarts interfaces, both in the simulator and in the air. NASA, with FAA involvement, should extend its investigations of highly reliable avionics to total system concepts applicable to AT\f automation.
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