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Putting Biotechnology to Work Bioprocess Engineering (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 115-120

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From page 115...
... Index A Abzymes, 89, 98 Academic research, see University research Automation technologies, 39, 59, 62, 65-66 Azadirachtin, 67 Adhesives, 90 B Adsorption, 59 Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) , 67 Aerobic microorganisms, 70 Bacteria, 58, 61, 73 Affinity, 20, 59-60 Baculovirus, 86-87 Agricultural applications, 72, 73-74, 81- Bioaugmentation, 70 82, 93 Biodegradation systems, 69, 70, 95, 97 see also Pesticides; Plants 98 AIDS, 87 Biohydrometallurgy, 72, 74 Air pollution, 95 Biological weapons, 98 Algae, 67, 74, 91 Biomass, see Cellulosic products; Amplification, 62 Ethanol Animals, 72, 74 Biopharmaceuticals, see transgenic, 63, 90-91 see also Mammalian host systems Antibiotics, 14, 61 -62 Antibody engineering, 62, 89, 91 Approval, government, see Regulation and approval Arsenate, 27 Pharmaceuticals Bioprocess engineering, definition of, 1, 9, 45-46 Biopulping, 24, 25 Biopulp International, France, 25 Bioreactor engineering, 4-5, 68-69, 95, 99-100 115
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From page 116...
... cells, 57 Chromatography, 14, 59, 60 Chymosin, 93 Clinton Corn Processing Co., 27 Clonal propagation, 94-95 Coal and coal conversion products, 26, 91 Committee on Life Sciences and Health, FCCSET, 33-34, 82 Competitive grant programs, 7, 80 Competitiveness, 10- 12 international, 1-2, 5, 6, 11, 48, 85 Composting, 69 Computer-assisted design, 59, 65 Cooperative education programs, 7, 78 79 Copper leaching, 26 INDEX Corn, 23, 24, 26, 27-29, 31, 81 Costs, see Economics of production; Pricing Coupled synthesis gas, 29 Cross-disciplinary research, see Multidisciplinary research Cyanobacteria, 67 D Deliberate release, 72 Department of Agriculture, 81-82 Department of Defense, 97-98 Department of Energy, 81-82, 97 Design integration, 100 Detergents, 67 Developing countries, 98-99 DNA, see Polymerase chain reaction; Recombinant DNA Drugs, see Pharmaceuticals Dry milling, 24, 26 E Economics of production, 10- 12, 13 - 14, 30, 31-32, 47, 84 mining, 74 pharmaceuticals, 19, 65 specialty products, 68-69 see also Investment in enterprise; Pricing; Sales of biotechnology products; Scaleup to production Education, see Training and education; University research Eli Lilly and Co., 17, 18 Embryogenesis, 94-95 Engineering Research Center Initiative, NSF, 7-8, 31, 78 Enhanced oil recovery, 26, 29-30, 7475 Environmental applications, 4, 10, 23, 50, 69-75, 95 military sites, 97-98 research needs, 5, 8, 71, 75, 82, 91 training specialties, 80 Environmental Protection Agency, 7071
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From page 117...
... , 2, 33-34, 82 117 G Gene expression, 51, 55-56, 58, 61, 62, 86 Generic applied research, 4-5 industrial products, 30-31 pharmaceuticals, 21 -22, 81 Genetech, Inc., 16, 17, 18 Gene therapy, 87, 88 Germany, 41-43, 68 Global competitiveness, see Competitiveness Glucose isomerase, 13, 14, 27-28 Glycobiology, 60-61, 87 Government-industry relations, 45-48, 83 in Japan, 38-39 see also Regulation and approval Grants, competitive programs, 7, 80 Greenhouse effect 92 Federal government, laboratories, 7-8, 30-31 R&D support, 2, 5, 6, 7, 33-34, 4648, 82, 83, 100 regulation, 11-12, 14, 40, 71, 82, 100 see also Department of Agriculture; Department of Defense; Department of Energy; Environmental Protection Agency; Food and Drug Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation Fermentation, 24, 26, 28, 61-62, 68-69 Fiber, see Cellulosic products Filamentous fungi, 58 Filtration technologies, 59, 95 Food and Drug Administration, 40, 47 48 Food and feed industry, 3, 93 Formulation of products, 63-64 Fraunhofer institutes, Germany, 42-43 Fuels, 3, 92, 93 see also Ethanol Fungi, 24, 25, 58, 61 Fusion proteins, 59-60 H Heat-shock proteins, 57 Heterologous proteins, 55-61 passim, 64 High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) , 14, 24, 26, 27-28 Host systems, 51, 55-58 Hot start, 62 Human growth hormone, 18, 51 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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From page 118...
... , 21 22, 81 Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Training Grant Program, 7, 78 National Research Center for Biotechnology, Germany, 43 National Science Foundation (NSF) , 47, 81 Engineering Research Center Initiative, 7-8, 31, 78 Nonrenewable-resource conversion, 23, 26 research needs, 30-32 Nucleotides and nucleotide analogues, 87, 99 o Oil, see Petroleum Oligosaccharides, 60 Organ transplants, see Transplants Organic gases, 95
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From page 119...
... , 62 Polypeptide tails, 59-60 Polysaccharides, 29, 68 Pricing, 19-20, 30, 35, 66 Protein engineering, 17-19, 59-60, 64 Protein pharmaceuticals, 2, 16-20, 47 48, 51, 55-64, 81 Proteolysis, 56 Protozoa, 67 Pulp and paper, 24, 25 Purification technologies, 4, 47, 58-60, 65, 81 Q Quality control and testing, 4, 5, 47 R Radioisotopes, 98 Recombinant DNA (rDNA) , 13, 63 pharmaceutical applications, 17- 19, 20, 43, 51, 55-56 119 Regulation and approval, 11 - 12, 14, 40, 71, 82, 100 pharmaceuticals, 51, 52-53, 55, 63, 91 Renewable-resource conversion, 3, 2326, 91-93, 98-99 research needs, 30-32, 81-82 training specialties, 80 Repligen-Sandoz Research Corp., 25 Research and development, 4-5, 30-31, 80-82 environmental applications, 5, 8, 71, 75, 82, 91 equipment, 79 federal support, 2, 5, 6, 7, 33-34, 4648, 82, 83, 100 industrial chemicals, 4, 68-69 in Germany, 42-43 in Japan, 38-41 nonrenewable resources, 30-32 pharmaceuticals, 4, 20-22, 64-66, 8081 renewable resources, 30-32, 81-82 specialty bioproducts, 4, 68-69 training, 6, 7, 12, 44-45, 47 see also Technology transfer Ribozymes, 89 Roche Holdings, Switzerland, 16 S Safety evaluation, 63, 91 Sales of biotechnology products, 44 chemicals, 66, 67 corn-based, 26 pharmaceuticals, 10, 16, 20, 51, 5253 Scaleup to production, 14-16, 31, 43, 65 Seeds, artificial, 94-95 Separation, 4, 28, 47, 58, 59, 65, 80, 81, 97 Sewage treatment, 69, 72 Soil treatment, 70 Somatic embryogenesis, 94-95 Space applications, 3, 32-33, 96-97
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From page 120...
... government, see Federal government V Vaccines, 53, 73, 98 Valdez oil spill, 70-71 Viruses, 73, 86-87 W Waste treatment, 26, 69, 70-72, 93 Weapons laboratories, 97-98 Wet milling, 23, 24, 26, 27-29 X Xylose, 27-28, 92 Xylose isomerase, 27-28 y Yeast host systems, 58, 61 Yew tree, 68
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Key Terms

  • cellulosic products
  • grant program
  • environmental applications
  • interdisciplinary biotechnology
  • recombinant dna

  • global competitiveness
  • enhanced oil
  • polymerase chain
  • biotechnology products
  • chain reaction

  • space applications
  • cell cultures
  • biotechnology training
  • training grant
  • synthesis gas

  • somatic embryogenesis
  • oil recovery
  • yew tree
  • coal conversion
  • industrial chemicals

  • glucose isomerase
  • specialty bioproducts
  • center initiative
  • coupled synthesis
  • nonrenewable resources

  • specialty products
  • industrial products
  • growth hormone
  • generic applied
  • competitive grant


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