Biotechnology in China (1989) / Chapter Skim
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6Biotechnology Literature Survey The following section summarizes the analysis of 160 articles published in Chinese scientific journals. Conducting a literature survey to gain insights into the content and quality of China's biotechnology research was justified for several reasons.
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the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, it publishes articles considered to be of broad interest in several areas of the natural sciences, physical sciences, and mathematics. The survey included every article published between January 1987 and February 1988 relevant to either basic or applied biotechnology.
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statistical analysis, it seems unlikely that it would have affected the qualitative conclusions. TABLE 5 Geographical Distribution of Articles Cited City or Province Number of Articles Shanghai 68 Beijing 59 Xiamen 5 Wuhan 4 Hangzhou 3 Tianjin 3 Hefei 3 Guangzhou 2 Chengdu 1 Jiangsu Province 1 Jilin 1 Quanzhou 1 Shijiazhuang 1 Wuxi 1 Dalian 1 Fuzhou 1 Harbin 1 Hunan Province 1 Nanjing 1 Suzhou 1 Xianyang 1 Total 160 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Despite a desire to have the survey compensate for the necessity of confining the evaluation trip to major cities in eastern China, it did not, in the end, reveal much information about the research being conducted in remote areas.
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indicates their widespread use. In contrast, techniques for analyzing RNA molecules were strikingly underrepresented.
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As expected, the predominant scientific disciplines represented in the articles were molecular biology and genetics, mostly because of the large number of articles on gene cloning. Next most popular was biochemistry, with a concentration of articles on protein structure.
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TABLE 8 Scientific Discipline Discipline Number of Citations Percentage of Citationsa Molecular biology and genetics Gene cloning and expression 20 13 Gene regulation 11 7 Population genetics 5 3 Gene mapping 4 3 Mutation and recombination 6 4 Other 3 2 -- 32 Biochemistry Protein structure 14 9 Enzymology 5 3 Structure and metabolism of natural products 5 3 Immobilized catalysts 11 7 Other 3 7 -- 29 Microbiologyb Strain isolation and characterization 11 7 Fermentation 9 6 -- 13 Virologyb Structure 5 3 Detection and prevention 3 2 -- 5 Botanyb Plant propagation 16 10 Physiology and anatomy 5 3 -- 13 Immunology Diagnostic reagents 10 6 Other 2 1 -- 7 Other Developmental biology 3 2 Cell biology 4 3 Neurobiology 5 3 -- -- 160 8 a Rounded to the nearest integer. Each citation was assigned to a single discipline.
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TABLE 9 Research Goal Goal Number of Citations Percentage of Citationsa Basic Genetics 15 9 Biochemistry 18 11 Other 17 11 31 Applied Foodstuffs and natural products 21 13 Antibiotics 14 9 Therapeutic proteins 11 7 Diagnostics 11 7 Improved animal species 6 4 Improved plant species 14 9 Human vaccines 10 6 Animal vaccines 9 6 Plant vaccines and herbicides 6 4 Other 8 5 160 70 a Rounded to the nearest integer. biology (seven articles for both fields combined)
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C. Somewhat derivative.
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The evaluations of scientific accuracy showed a greater equality between basic and applied research. More than half of both types of articles were considered to "prove the point." Those that failed this test did so more often because of a lack of completeness rather than genuine faults in experimental design or interpretation.
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