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Issues in Risk Assessment (1993) / Chapter Skim
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TWO-STAGE MODEL OF CLONAL EXPANSION
Pages 226-227

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From page 226...
... Knudson suggested that childhood cancers such as retinoblastoma may represent genetically altered embryonic cells with unconditional cell proliferation. Cancer of the mid-years (osteosarcoma, small cell cancer of the lung, breast cancer)
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From page 227...
... The Moolgavkar two-mutation model postulates two rate-limiting steps called initiation and conversion, represented by irreversible hereditary transitions from normal cells to intermediate cells to cancer cells. In addition to the conversion rates, each cell population has birth and death processes which affect the clonal expansion rates.
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Key Terms

  • cell division
  • intermediate cells
  • initiated cells
  • cell proliferation
  • breast cancer

  • providing cell
  • represent genetically
  • waiting times
  • relate exposures
  • current assays

  • increased cell
  • print version
  • active dividing
  • altered embryonic
  • sufficient sensitivity

  • normal cells
  • discussion ensued
  • planned formal
  • model include
  • expansion rates

  • cells divide
  • involves extrapolation
  • identify initiated
  • cancer cells
  • normally dividing

  • injury occurs
  • lung cancers
  • provided estimates
  • division kinetics
  • human breast


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