The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds (1980) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Possible Human Health Effects of Sub-therapeutic Antimicrobial Use of Pesticides
Appendix B: Possible Human Health Effects of Sub-therapeutic Antimicrobial Use of Pesticides
Pages 79-91
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From page 79... ...
As early as the 1950's, investigators were aware that treatment of plants with antibiotics could result in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms and allergenic effects in people who applied the pesticides as well as in the consumers of the treated plants (Logue _ al., 1958~. Among the earliest studies on the mode of uptake of antibiotics by plants and their mode of action against the organisms causing plant disease were those of Goodman and Dowler (1958)
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From page 80... ...
Hence, the value of the penicillins as therapeutic agents for plant diseases is extremely low. This antibiotic might have limited future application since some pathological disorders in plants that were previously believed to be of viral origin have recently been shown to be caused by rickettsia-like organisms (RLO)
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From page 81... ...
It appears to be the ideal process for controlling plant diseases, particularly when resultant antibiotic residues would be at low levels. The dilution of antibiotic concentrations in the germinating seedlings would continue through growth and maturity of the plant.
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From page 82... ...
Apparently, the frequency of mutations with significant resistance to streptomycin in this organism is extremely low. By far the largest number of species of bacterial plant pathogens with resistance to antibiotics are in the genus Pseudomonas, and the second largest number reside in the genus Xanthomonas (yellow Pseudomonadaceae)
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From page 83... ...
. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES Perhaps the single most important question that should be asked in epidemiological studies is whether the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from the ubiquitous colifonms to plant bacterial pathogens, or vice versa, has resulted from the use of antibiotics to control plant diseases.
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From page 84... ...
Concentrations likely to be found in plant tissue can, after prolonged feeding periods, give rise to the development of resistant coliforms in the gut flora of laboratory animals (Goldberg et al., 1958, 1959) and humans (Goldberg et al., 1961~.
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From page 85... ...
The low volatility and small concentrations of these antibiotics in plant tissue suggest that secondary contamination of humans would also be rather rare. Under unusual circumstances, however, such as when animals ingest treated plant tissue in large quantities, resistant microorganisms might be found in their gut flora.
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From page 86... ...
Antibiotic usage to suppress or eradicate bacterial infection in plant cuttings, which are used in vegetative propagation, will probably be expanded. This type of chemotherapy can offer minimal opportunity for the emergence of significant levels of antibiotic resistance in the gut flora of the applicator or of the eventual consumer of the plant.
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From page 87... ...
1974. Antibiotic sensitivity _ vitro of the mycoplasmalike organism associated with citrus stubborn disease.
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From page 88... ...
1960. Untoward reactions in human beings from application of antibiotics in plant disease control.
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From page 89... ...
1962. The impact of antibiotics upon plant disease control.
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From page 90... ...
Antibiotics Annual, 1954-1955. Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., N.Y.
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From page 91... ...
91 Whiffin, A
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