Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs for the Next Ten Years and Beyond Proceedings of a Symposium–in Brief (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs for the Next Ten Years and Beyond: Proceedings of a Symposium - in Brief
Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs for the Next Ten Years and Beyond: Proceedings of a Symposium - in Brief
Pages 1-12
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In a 2009 report, Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction,1 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommended adoption of a modified approach to thinking about CTR, including the expansion of CTR to other countries and specific modifications to CTR programs to better address the changing international security environment.
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government, especially the biological science engagement programs at the Departments of Defense and State, have adopted many of the 2009 NAS report recommendations, CTR must continue to evolve to keep pace with new technology and the changing international security environment. Turpen said that the threat to the United States from WMD proliferation still exists and that there is increasing unpredictability in the threat environment.
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government and to the international community. William Moon, from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, discussed CTR programs to diminish the threat from nuclear weapons and delivery systems.
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CTR is vital, and biological threat reduction, especially, remains essential. The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA)
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to addressing chemical threats in Syria, the ability of CTR to address current threats such as North Korea, and concerns about new technologies like synthetic biology and additive manufacturing. He highlighted DOD CTR's ongoing efforts to disrupt pathways to proliferation, including enforcement of United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
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Recent nuclear security incidents, like the discovery that an ISIS-linked employee was working at a nuclear plant in Belgium, illustrate the importance of improving the security culture5 at nuclear facilities. Tobey also touched on the threats from state-level nuclear proliferation, the terrorist use of biological weapons, the threat from state-level biological programs, and state and non-state actors using chemical weapons.
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DOS maintains a broad array of CTR programs in many countries that he described as expeditionary, fast, flexible, and threat driven and has developed a suite of CTR tools that draw on DOS's unique strengths to address the threat from WMD around the world. He stressed the importance of using strategic trade and export controls and building partnercountry capacity to enforce UNSC resolutions to contain the financial and material flows to North Korea that support the regime's WMD programs.
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Ambassador Jimmy Kolker, former assistant secretary for Global Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services, spoke about the role of global health and health diplomacy to improve biosecurity, biodefense, and threat reduction. Kolker said that most countries depend on their national health system to identify, track, and stop disease outbreaks, whether natural, accidental, or intentional in origin.
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Costa said that private companies are working with the government to build tools to better process the huge amount of PAI already available. William Newcomb, Johns Hopkins University, former member of the United Nations Security Council North Korea Panel of Experts, spoke about using sanctions to counter North Korean proliferation and integrating international law enforcement into CTR programs.
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Sometimes cooperative efforts stall because the CTR partner country thinks that the United States has deemed the partner a threat. "Global Security Engage ment" or "Cooperative Risk Management" as opposed to Cooperative Threat Reduction might be a better way to describe some programs with certain countries.
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Franz and Turpen noted the importance of creating sustainable partnerships. Doing threat reduction right requires considering and working within the culture of the partner country, creating suitable structures with incentives and champions, and building person-to-person connections outside of the United States to address threats from countries where you cannot get access, like North Korea.
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SPONSORS: This symposium was sponsored by the Naval Postgraduate School's Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD, with funding from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under assistance Grant/Agreement no. N00244-16-1-0036 awarded by the NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego.
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