Scientific Communication and National Security (1982) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-8
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Such controls would, however, also inhibit the free communication of scientific and technical information essential to our achievements. The Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security was asked to examine the various aspects of the application of controls to scientific communication and to suggest how to balance competing national objectives so as to best serve the general welfare.
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.~ Unless an exemption (or The Panel is aware that the Atomic Energy Act provides a unique statutory basis for controlling information bearing on nuclear weapons. The Invention Secrecy Act also allows patent applications to be kept secret for national security reasons.
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Such an agreement is in place to enable the National Security Agency to review manuscripts dealing with cryptography and to negotiate alterations before publication. Finally, communication with foreign nationals might be inhibited indirectly by limiting their access to the United States.
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The first, and by far the largest share, are those activities in which the benefits of total openness overshadow their possible nearterm military benefits to the Soviet Union. m ere are also those areas of research for which classification is clearly indicated.
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Gray Areas The Panel recommends that in the limited number of instances in which all of the above four criteria are met but classification is unwarranted, the values of open science can be preserved and the needs of government can met by written agreements no more restrictive than the following: a. Prohibition of direct participation in governmentsupported research projects by nationals of designated foreign countries, with no attempt made to limit physical access to university space or facilities or enrollment in any classroom course of study.
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2. The Panel recommends that information that is not directly or significantly connected with technology critical to national security should also receive a general license (exemption)
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m e Panel concludes that the voluntary publication control mechanism developed for cryptography is unlikely to be applicable to other research areas that bear on national security. However, the Panel recommends that consideration be given to adopting this mechanism in future cases, if and where the appropriate preconditions exist.
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8 transfer from advanced industrial nations to Third World nations in regionally unstable areas or to those that may be potentially hostile to the United States and its allies. m e Panel recommends that this subject receive further attention by the National Academy of Sciences or other qualified study groups under federal sponsorship.
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