Bio-Inspired Signature Management for the U.S. Army Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Bio-Inspired Signature Management for the U.S. Army: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Bio-Inspired Signature Management for the U.S. Army: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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From page 1... ...
. PANEL 1: CEPHALOPOD-INSPIRED DYNAMIC MATERIALS AND ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE Roger Hanlon, Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, moderated the first panel and introduced the first speaker, Alon Gorodetsky, University of California, Irvine, to discuss dynamic materials inspired by cephalopods (e.g., octopus or squid)
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He pointed to the possibility of adaptive thermal IR camouflage. Moving through more technical discussions of bio-inspired design strategies, Gorodetsky illustrated potential thermo-comfort and thermo-regulatory materials, along with the fabrication and technical characterization of such material, all of which could lead to a potential application in personal thermal signature management.
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As the discussion on matching biologically derived designs and real fabrication continued, Cuthill succinctly noted that biology is evolving continuously and might offer a design shortcut, thus "we're talking about biologically inspired design, not biologically dictated design." Toward the end of the discussion, much attention was paid to design optimization, an important consideration for biological as well as nonbiological systems, and to related models, including their key parameters and metrics. Richard Osgood, Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (Soldier Center)
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With regard to adapting computational methods, a participant suggested that a focus on the environmental perspective rather than the cellular-level approach might be more effective. PANEL 2: BIO-INSPIRED SENSORS; CAMOUFLAGE STRATEGIES AND VISION Pamela Abshire, University of Maryland, moderated the second panel and introduced Viktor Gruev, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, to discuss bio-inspired sensors from the ocean to the operating room.
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Moving to a question about predators using camouflage, Stevens responded that the focus has mainly been on the camouflage of prey because the cost to prey of getting caught is death, whereas the predator's cost of its camouflage not working is a lost meal; he also mentioned that predators will sometimes use color patterns to lure prey. Hanlon added that a cuttlefish might do five primary camouflage changes in the course of 20 minutes to approach a prey, and Cuthill noted that a predator is likely to have more control over the prey's perspective because the predator could appear from anywhere.
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At one point, Gruev commented that in seawater, near-IR is attenuated very quickly, but still there is a lot of near-IR within the first meter. On the connection between IR and thermal regulation, a question was raised about a thermal-regulation system creating monochromatic camouflage as a by-product of the ability to create channels for thermal management.
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One participant mentioned the symbiotic camouflage in the Hawaiian bobtail squid, where bio-luminous bacteria live inside the animal's light organ and shine, making it harder for a predator to pick it out from a starry night sky; this was suggested by another participant as a type of cooperative camouflage. Another example offered by some participants was group-living spiders that somehow form aggregations that make them look like something else, making it more difficult for a predator to identify them.
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After some additional technical points, Deravi addressed the possibility of researchers manipulating the direction of light to enhance color similar to the squid, and she depicted a laboratory capability to enhance reflected and scattered color from chromatophore pigment granules even when they are only one particle layer thick. These results led her to imagine a new class of multifunctional materials inspired by, or derived from, cephalopods; to accomplish this feat, she listed important technological hurdles that remain.
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She closed with a long list of accomplishments (e.g., establishing spectrum-selective nanodetectors in multiple material systems; design, fabrication, and demonstration of a platform for responsive materials; demonstration of lens-less imaging with distributed light collectors) , which were followed by "big-picture" next steps: integrate selected responsive components with a platform architecture; investigate distinct neural pathways identified in cephalopods relative to remote optical-detection capabilities; relate behavioral assays to optical response of cephalopods; and demonstrate image acquisition experimentally with an incoherent detector network.
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. Gaps beyond current human technical abilities were highlighted by the minimal size, weight, power, and cost needed to achieve the complex signaling, control, and actuation system for color control and the ability of cephalopods to perform complex shape control.
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other tools and methods from scientific disciplines outside the biological sciences to assist researchers in understanding biological designs and how they may be applied to technological systems. Other participants suggested that efforts to cultivate a community of scientists and engineers willing to work across scientific disciplines and government, industry, and academia would be beneficial to overcoming barriers.
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From page 12... ...
; Michael Bear, BAE Systems (Co-Chair) ; Pamela Abshire, University of Maryland; Marianne Alleyne, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Christina Davis, University of California, Davis; Leila Deravi, Northeastern University; William Goddard, California Institute of Technology; Roger Hanlon, Marine Biological Laboratory; Jacquelyn Nagel, James Madison University.
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