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Drinking Water and Health, Volume 5 (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Vinyl chloride (monochloroethylene)
Pages 85-90

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From page 85...
... Furthermore, this reconfirmation is important when and if limits for trichloroethylene in drinking water are established. It is also important that the uncertainties surrounding the carcinogenicity bioassay be resolved prior to reaching any decision on the potential for adverse health effects in humans following exposure to trichloroethylene.
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From page 86...
... However, when saturation has been reached, vinyl chloride is eliminated by metabolism and urinary excretion (Bolt, 1978~. Oral doses less than 250 mg/kg result in 70% to 75% of the vinyl chloride being excreted as a urinary metabolite and 4% to 5% in the expired air, whereas equivalent intravenous doses (which simulate inhalation exposure)
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From page 87...
... The frequency of sister chromatic exchanges and induced chromosome aberrations was increased in bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters exposed to vinyl chloride at 1.25%, 2.5~o, or 5~0 (v/v) for 6, 12, or 24 hours (Basler and Rohrborn, 1980~.
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From page 88...
... Newborn animals appeared to be especially sensitive to the carcinogenic effect of vinyl chloride, and there was evidence for transplacental carcinogenesis. The lowest dose of vinyl chloride to have a carcinogenic effect was claimed to be 50 ppm (130 mg/m3)
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From page 89...
... , it can be concluded that vinyl chloride inhalation produces lung tumors in ICR, A/J, CDI, CD, and NMRI mice. Analysis of all available data on humans led the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1979a)
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From page 90...
... Because its abundance in the crust varies geographically, uranium is a highly variable source of contamination of drinking waters that may be directly consumed by humans and incorporated into their diet. In this brief review, the committee discusses the potential for radiation and chemical toxicity from the ingestion of natural uranium and clarifies the difference
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Key Terms

  • drinking water
  • chromosome aberrations
  • occupationally exposed
  • peripheral iymphocytes
  • workers occupationally

  • sister chromatic
  • workers exposed
  • animals exposed
  • inhalation exposure
  • carcinogenic effect

  • international agency
  • expired air
  • chloride exposure
  • produces cancer
  • urinary excretion

  • estimate risks
  • equivalent intravenous
  • administered vinyl
  • especially sensitive
  • newborn animals

  • humans led
  • exposed rodents
  • hamsters exposed
  • nmri mice
  • parent compound

  • current risk
  • binds macromolecules
  • rat liver
  • chloride plant
  • transplacental carcinogenesis


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