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From page 133... ... 34, 35 Biologic markers, 2, 51-52, 58-61 of dose or exposure, 2, 51, 52-57, 58, 59, 126 of effect, 2, 51, 57-58, 126 in epidemiology, 53r 59-60, 61, 91 recommendations, 60~61, 90-91 of susceptibility, 2, 51-52, 58, 61, 91, 126 Bombs, see Hiroshima and Nagasaki A Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... , 4, 7, 32 Department of Health and Human Services, 4 Deposition velocity, 30 Dicentric aberrations, 52, 53, 54, 60 Dietary patterns, 5, 8, 9, 37, 38, 45, 48, 67, 105 following accidents, 33, 39, 90 Dispersion, 18, 22, 28, 29, 34 Disposal, see Waste and disposal DNA damage, see Biologic markers; Mutation Dose, dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) , 64-65, 127 Dose assessment, 5, 9, 40-50 Chernobyl, 105-106 Goiana, 110-111 "high"-versus-"low" ranges, 7-8, 11, 14, 49 Nevada Test Site, 44, 46, 49, 50, 91, 104 E Effluent, see Waste and disposal Employees, 10, 22 Engineering estimates, 17, 18, 22 Environmental monitoring data, 19, 20, 22, 23-24, 31 Nevada Test Site, 103 in source term analysis, 17-18, 22, 23-24, 25, 89 Three Mile Island, 107 Environmental pathway analysis, 2, 5, 9, 27-39, 48 Fernald, 107-108 Goiana, 111 modeling, 19-20, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34,36,39,90 original versus derived data, 28, 29, 31, 39,90 recommendations, 39, 90 in scoping studies, 11, 12, 25, 27, 46, 89 and source term, 17, 25, 26, 27, 89, 90 uncertainty, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36-38, 39, 90 Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... See also Incidents and accidents Estuaries, 34-35 Evacuation, see Relocation and evacuation Evaporation, 20 Excess risk, 44-45, 66, 77, 81, 83, 92 Exhaust paths, 20 Expert judgment, 37 Exposure, see Background radiation; Dose assessment; External exposure; Gamma exposure; Ingestion exposure; Inhalation exposure External exposure, 5, 8, 14, 40-41, 46, 47, 49, 61, 91 Chernobyl, 106 Goiana, 110-111 Nevada Test Site, 104, 105 pathway analysis, 14, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 38, 103, 107-108 F Fertilizers, 33 Filtration, 20, 29, 47 incomplete sample collection, 24, 107 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) , 53-54, 59, 60, 127 Follow-up, 15, 71, 72-73, 75, 88, 127 Food, see Agriculture; Dietary patterns; Food distribution practices; Ingestion exposure Food distribution practices, 9, 33, 38, 39, 46, 90 Freshwater systems, 34-35 135 Full-scale dose reconstruction studies, 2, 12, 27-28, 81, 86,- 92 G Gamma exposure, 31, 39, 42, 73, 90 Goiana, 110-111 Nevada Test Site, 103, 104 Techa River, 109, 110 Gases, 20, 28, 30-31, 41, 107 Gastrointestinal tract, 41, 42, 43 Genetic markers, 54-56 Genotoxicity, 60, 127 Geography and terrain, 6, 10, 30 Glycophorin A assay, 54-55, 57, 60 Goiana (Brazil) Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... and iodides, 24, 31, 39, 48, 90, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 Ion-exchange resins, 21 Irrigation, 28, 32 Iterative procedures, 11, 17, 27, 83, 86, 92 INDEX Japan, see Hiroshima and Nagasaki Abomb detonations K Kyshtym-Techa River (Russia) waste releases, 5, 103, 109-110 L Lagoons, 20, 31 Lakes, 20, 33, 34 Latency, 49, 67, 127 Leaching and leachability, 21, 28, 29, 30-31, 38, 108 M Methyl iodide, 31 Micronuclei, 54 Migration paths, 23, 29, 31, 32 Milk, 32, 33, 48, 105, 106, 107, 108-109 Mill tailings, 31 Misclassifications, 72, 78, 128 Mobility, 46, 69, 75 Models and modeling, 10, 36, 39, 90 intake, 41-42, 43, 47, 48 source term analysis, 17, 20, 23, 25 transport, 19-20, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39, 90 validation, 28, 36, 39, 47, 49, 67, 90 versus original data, 10, 28, 31, 32, 39, 49,90 Molecular markers, 51, 54-56 Monitoring, see Environmental monitoring data; Epidemiological studies, monitoring; Registries; Samples and sampling Monte Carlo calculations, 20 Mortality, 43-44, 75, 128 Multiple assays, 56-57, 60 Mutation, 51, 128. Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... , 37 Probability distributions, 20 Proprietary information, 18, 19, 25, 89, 128 Prototype facilities, 23 Public acceptance and confidence, 10, 13 proprietary and security information, 18,25,89 Public concern, 1, 7, 8-9, 11, 15, 16, 18-19, 67, 75, 79, 85, 89 Public disclosure, 2-3, 13, 14, 15, 25, 80, 88 89 health risk expression, 44-45, 70-71 Public health policy, 9, 15, 43~4, 89 Public involvement, 14, 13, 18-19 Hanford, 14, 109 Q Quality of data, 2, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 27-28, 36, 88 accuracy, 14, 16, 17, 19, 25, 89 Reactors, see Chernobyl reactor accident; Operations records; Three Mile Island reactor accident Registries, 66, 69, 75, 79, 85, 129 Regulatory analysis models, 36, 39, 90 Releases, see Atmospheric releases and contamination; Episodic releases and single events; Public disclosure; Routine releases; Source term analysis; Water contamination Reliability, 30, 129 Relocation and evacuation, 29-30, 105 Rem units, 15, 42, 129 Representative doses, 5, 8, 11, 27, 37, 38, 46 Representativeness of data, 10, 15, 87-88 Research and development reports, 23, 2425 Residential history, 8, 37, 38, 49 Respiration, see Inhalation exposure Resuspension of contaminants, 20, 28, 31, 35,107 Retinoblastoma, 58, 129 Retrospective cohort studies, 68, 69, 80, 129 Reviews, see Peer review Risk assessment, 7, 9, 43-45, 46, 63-67, 77-78 Rivers, 20, 32, 33, 34, 108-110 Rocky Flats (Colorado) Plant, 31-32 Routine releases, 22, 103 Runoff, 31, 32 Ruthenium (Ru) Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... reactor accident, 103, 107 rolled processes, 20 1 J United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) , 8, 64 Uranium, 32, 107 V Vadose zone, 32, 131 Validation of models, 28, 36, 39, 47, 49, 67, 90 Vegetation, see Plants and Vegetation Vital statistics, 66 Volatile solvents, 20 W Washout, 30, 31 Waste and disposal, 20, 22, 24, 103 control systems, 22, 23, 24, 25 Goiana incident, 5, 32, 103, 110-111 impoundments, 20-21, 23, 109 Techa River releases, 5, 103, 109-110 Water contamination, 6, 20-21, 23, 32 Hanford, 108 pathway analysis, 5, 9, 28, 32, 33-35, 38 Weapons plants, 7, 103 Fernald, 4, 5, 14, 32, 103, 107-108 Hanford, 4, 5, 24, 45, 103, 108-109 Weapons testing, 103 Nevada, 5, 103-105 Pacific, 5, 103 Weather, see Meteorological conditions Wet deposition, see Precipitation Wild game, 33, 38 Wind, 30, 31-32, 38, 105 Workers, 10, 22 Workshops, 14 y Years of life lost, 44 Read the entire page →

From page 133...

... 34, 35 Biologic markers, 2, 51-52, 58-61 of dose or exposure, 2, 51, 52-57, 58, 59, 126 of effect, 2, 51, 57-58, 126 in epidemiology, 53r 59-60, 61, 91 recommendations, 60~61, 90-91 of susceptibility, 2, 51-52, 58, 61, 91, 126 Bombs, see Hiroshima and Nagasaki A

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From page 134...

... , 4, 7, 32 Department of Health and Human Services, 4 Deposition velocity, 30 Dicentric aberrations, 52, 53, 54, 60 Dietary patterns, 5, 8, 9, 37, 38, 45, 48, 67, 105 following accidents, 33, 39, 90 Dispersion, 18, 22, 28, 29, 34 Disposal, see Waste and disposal DNA damage, see Biologic markers; Mutation Dose, dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) , 64-65, 127 Dose assessment, 5, 9, 40-50 Chernobyl, 105-106 Goiana, 110-111 "high"-versus-"low" ranges, 7-8, 11, 14, 49 Nevada Test Site, 44, 46, 49, 50, 91, 104 E Effluent, see Waste and disposal Employees, 10, 22 Engineering estimates, 17, 18, 22 Environmental monitoring data, 19, 20, 22, 23-24, 31 Nevada Test Site, 103 in source term analysis, 17-18, 22, 23-24, 25, 89 Three Mile Island, 107 Environmental pathway analysis, 2, 5, 9, 27-39, 48 Fernald, 107-108 Goiana, 111 modeling, 19-20, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34,36,39,90 original versus derived data, 28, 29, 31, 39,90 recommendations, 39, 90 in scoping studies, 11, 12, 25, 27, 46, 89 and source term, 17, 25, 26, 27, 89, 90 uncertainty, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36-38, 39, 90

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From page 135...

... See also Incidents and accidents Estuaries, 34-35 Evacuation, see Relocation and evacuation Evaporation, 20 Excess risk, 44-45, 66, 77, 81, 83, 92 Exhaust paths, 20 Expert judgment, 37 Exposure, see Background radiation; Dose assessment; External exposure; Gamma exposure; Ingestion exposure; Inhalation exposure External exposure, 5, 8, 14, 40-41, 46, 47, 49, 61, 91 Chernobyl, 106 Goiana, 110-111 Nevada Test Site, 104, 105 pathway analysis, 14, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 38, 103, 107-108 F Fertilizers, 33 Filtration, 20, 29, 47 incomplete sample collection, 24, 107 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) , 53-54, 59, 60, 127 Follow-up, 15, 71, 72-73, 75, 88, 127 Food, see Agriculture; Dietary patterns; Food distribution practices; Ingestion exposure Food distribution practices, 9, 33, 38, 39, 46, 90 Freshwater systems, 34-35 135 Full-scale dose reconstruction studies, 2, 12, 27-28, 81, 86,- 92 G Gamma exposure, 31, 39, 42, 73, 90 Goiana, 110-111 Nevada Test Site, 103, 104 Techa River, 109, 110 Gases, 20, 28, 30-31, 41, 107 Gastrointestinal tract, 41, 42, 43 Genetic markers, 54-56 Genotoxicity, 60, 127 Geography and terrain, 6, 10, 30 Glycophorin A assay, 54-55, 57, 60 Goiana (Brazil)

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From page 136...

... and iodides, 24, 31, 39, 48, 90, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 Ion-exchange resins, 21 Irrigation, 28, 32 Iterative procedures, 11, 17, 27, 83, 86, 92 INDEX Japan, see Hiroshima and Nagasaki Abomb detonations K Kyshtym-Techa River (Russia) waste releases, 5, 103, 109-110 L Lagoons, 20, 31 Lakes, 20, 33, 34 Latency, 49, 67, 127 Leaching and leachability, 21, 28, 29, 30-31, 38, 108 M Methyl iodide, 31 Micronuclei, 54 Migration paths, 23, 29, 31, 32 Milk, 32, 33, 48, 105, 106, 107, 108-109 Mill tailings, 31 Misclassifications, 72, 78, 128 Mobility, 46, 69, 75 Models and modeling, 10, 36, 39, 90 intake, 41-42, 43, 47, 48 source term analysis, 17, 20, 23, 25 transport, 19-20, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39, 90 validation, 28, 36, 39, 47, 49, 67, 90 versus original data, 10, 28, 31, 32, 39, 49,90 Molecular markers, 51, 54-56 Monitoring, see Environmental monitoring data; Epidemiological studies, monitoring; Registries; Samples and sampling Monte Carlo calculations, 20 Mortality, 43-44, 75, 128 Multiple assays, 56-57, 60 Mutation, 51, 128.

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From page 137...

... , 37 Probability distributions, 20 Proprietary information, 18, 19, 25, 89, 128 Prototype facilities, 23 Public acceptance and confidence, 10, 13 proprietary and security information, 18,25,89 Public concern, 1, 7, 8-9, 11, 15, 16, 18-19, 67, 75, 79, 85, 89 Public disclosure, 2-3, 13, 14, 15, 25, 80, 88 89 health risk expression, 44-45, 70-71 Public health policy, 9, 15, 43~4, 89 Public involvement, 14, 13, 18-19 Hanford, 14, 109 Q Quality of data, 2, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 27-28, 36, 88 accuracy, 14, 16, 17, 19, 25, 89 Reactors, see Chernobyl reactor accident; Operations records; Three Mile Island reactor accident Registries, 66, 69, 75, 79, 85, 129 Regulatory analysis models, 36, 39, 90 Releases, see Atmospheric releases and contamination; Episodic releases and single events; Public disclosure; Routine releases; Source term analysis; Water contamination Reliability, 30, 129 Relocation and evacuation, 29-30, 105 Rem units, 15, 42, 129 Representative doses, 5, 8, 11, 27, 37, 38, 46 Representativeness of data, 10, 15, 87-88 Research and development reports, 23, 2425 Residential history, 8, 37, 38, 49 Respiration, see Inhalation exposure Resuspension of contaminants, 20, 28, 31, 35,107 Retinoblastoma, 58, 129 Retrospective cohort studies, 68, 69, 80, 129 Reviews, see Peer review Risk assessment, 7, 9, 43-45, 46, 63-67, 77-78 Rivers, 20, 32, 33, 34, 108-110 Rocky Flats (Colorado) Plant, 31-32 Routine releases, 22, 103 Runoff, 31, 32 Ruthenium (Ru)

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From page 138...

... reactor accident, 103, 107 rolled processes, 20 1 J United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) , 8, 64 Uranium, 32, 107 V Vadose zone, 32, 131 Validation of models, 28, 36, 39, 47, 49, 67, 90 Vegetation, see Plants and Vegetation Vital statistics, 66 Volatile solvents, 20 W Washout, 30, 31 Waste and disposal, 20, 22, 24, 103 control systems, 22, 23, 24, 25 Goiana incident, 5, 32, 103, 110-111 impoundments, 20-21, 23, 109 Techa River releases, 5, 103, 109-110 Water contamination, 6, 20-21, 23, 32 Hanford, 108 pathway analysis, 5, 9, 28, 32, 33-35, 38 Weapons plants, 7, 103 Fernald, 4, 5, 14, 32, 103, 107-108 Hanford, 4, 5, 24, 45, 103, 108-109 Weapons testing, 103 Nevada, 5, 103-105 Pacific, 5, 103 Weather, see Meteorological conditions Wet deposition, see Precipitation Wild game, 33, 38 Wind, 30, 31-32, 38, 105 Workers, 10, 22 Workshops, 14 y Years of life lost, 44

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Index Pages 133-138

Index
Pages 133-138