A Space Physics Paradox Why Has Increased Funding Been Accompanied by Decreased Effectiveness in the Conduct of Space Physics Research? (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Space Physics Missions
Appendix A: Space Physics Missions
Pages 83-88
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From page 83... ...
When a proposal date is not available, we use an estimated date on which the "concept" development started for the mission.) INTERVAL FROM PROPOSAL TO LAUNCH FOR MAGNETOSPHERIC MISSIONS Missions Started in the 1960s In this section we consider missions for which one or more investigators submitted proposals in the 1960s.
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From page 84... ...
One of the shortest was ATS 1, which took one year and ten months. ATS 1 was designed to test communications technology and was not originally intended to carry any scientific instruments.
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From page 85... ...
However, the scientific communi TABLE A.2 Space Physics Related Missions in the 1970s Time to Lead Mission Start Launch Launch Agencies ISEE 3 9/1972 8/1978 5 yr 11 mo NASA Pioneer Venus 10/1973 5/1978 4 yr 7 mo NASA DE 1 and 2 7/1974 8/1981 7 yr 1 mo NASA AMPTE 7/1972 8/1984 12 yr 1 mo NASA, U.K., Germany Spacelab 9/1976 8/1985 9 yr 1 mo NASA Galileo 11/1976 10/1989 12 yr 11 mo NASA Ulysses 8/1977 10/1990 13 yr 2 mo ESA, NASA UARS 12/1978 9/1991 12 yr 9 mo NASA
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From page 86... ...
In the OPEN program spacecraft would be flown simultaneously in four key regions: the WIND spacecraft would monitor the solar wind, the POLAR spacecraft would observe in the polar region, EQUATOR would provide observations in the near-earth magnetotail equatorial region, and GEOTAIL would probe both the near-earth and distant magnetotail. Proposals for participation in the OPEN mission were written in 1980.
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From page 87... ...
The proposals were written in 1988, and the current schedule calls for a 1994 launch. The time difference between the proposal and launch date for each mission, which provides a measure of the implementation time, has been plotted versus launch date in Figure A
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From page 88... ...
. E E 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 990 2000 1970 1 980 Launch date FIGURE Al.1 Implementation times for space-physics-related missions, 1958-2000.
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