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From page 219... ...
The findings of the research and the news of the new techniques were published in scientific papers and spread across the community of relevant professionals through talks and discussions at scientific and professional society meetings, and also through informal communication. At the same time, in many cases patents were filed for and granted at particular stages of the process.
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From page 220... ...
Consider, for example, the intertwining of science and technology, and universities and industry, in the development of purified insulin. The tradition of American patent law rules out the patenting of "natural substances" or "scientific principles." However, purified natural substances have been patentable, and several of the key patents in biotechnology come pretty close to being on "scientific principles." The recent argument and uproar about patenting gene fragments has quieted down for a while, but that issue will not go away.
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