Population Dynamics of Senegal (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 Population Growth and Distribution
3 Population Growth and Distribution
Pages 30-44
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From page 30... ...
From administrative counts, which probably underestimate the true size of the population, it is estimated that Senegal's population increased from about 1.1 million in 1904 to 2.3 million in 1958, or at an annual rate of 1.3 percent over the period 1904-1958 (Becker and Mbodji, 19941. Estimates of the total population based on data from the 1960-1961 Demographic Survey [1]
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From page 31... ...
When longer intervals, such as 1960-1988 or 1970-1988, are taken into consideration, the annual average growth rate remains close to 3 percent. The importance of Dakar in terms of population growth and population distribution within Senegal cannot be overestimated.
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From page 32... ...
However, sex ratios for Senegal indicate that there is a deficit of males aged 15-49, followed by a deficit of females above age 50 (see Figure 3-21. These deviations may be explained by the fact that African adult men tend to overstate their age and understate that of their wives.
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From page 33... ...
SOURCE: Republique du Senega (1992a)
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From page 34... ...
and in migration patterns. Over the last century, two major migrations have modified quite substantially the distribution of the population: the rural exodus, which is partly responsible for the accelerated growth of Dakar as well as many other smaller urban areas; and a general movement away from the north of the country towards the south, which has resulted in a relative decline in the northern regions to the advantage of the regions in the center and the south of the country (see Becker and Mbodji, 1994~.
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From page 35... ...
In general, knowledge about internal migration remains fragmentary, though limited information is available from the national demographic surveys in 1960- 1961 [1]
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Three types of internal migration are discussed briefly below: (1) lifetime migration, which includes individuals who have migrated since birth; (2)
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From page 37... ...
Lifetime Migrants The proportion of lifetime migrants living in other regions varies markedly from one source to another, probably reflecting both data quality and time-based in-migrant/out-migrant variations among the regions. Despite these inconsistencies, several trends can be noted.
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From page 38... ...
15 ~ ~< , 10 5;L ~ \ I= o 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ \ ~ ~ By\ Age Group Source-Destination Urban-Urban + Rural-Urban ~ Rural-Rural ~ Urban-Rural FIGURE 3-5 Internal migration by urban or rural source and destination, Senegal, 1988. SOURCE: 1988 census (unpublished tables)
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From page 39... ...
. Temporary Migration Senegal has a long tradition of seasonal migration of agricultural laborers from the southern and southeastern regions to the groundnut fields, in central Senegal.
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From page 40... ...
were female. In fact, over 52 percent of the temporary migrants Comparison of male and female temporary migrants by age reveals that it is not uncommon for temporary migrants to be predominately female in the younger age groups.
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From page 41... ...
Hence, the relatively high levels of female seasonal migration in Ziguinchor and Fatick can be explained in part by the ethnic composition of those regions. The repercussions of these migration movements for demographics, labor, and the financial inflows coming from the areas of in- and out-migration appear to be among the most intensely analyzed aspects of migration.
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From page 42... ...
are The Gambia and Mauritania. Not surprisingly, because of its former strong ties with Senegal, France also has a substantial Senegalese emigrant population.
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From page 43... ...
Typically, the migration process accelerates as the development process advances, such that the number of migrants tends to increase over time. As discussed in Chapter 2, recent economic downturns have necessitated the implementation of structural adjustment programs in Senegal.
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From page 44... ...
An example of two cities Touba in Diourbel and Oussouye in Ziguinchor-shows how the use of these administrative classifications instead of population size has made the classification of areas as urban and rural inconsistent. Touba, in Diourbel, is classified as part of a rural community.
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