Live Fire Testing of the F-22 (1995) / Chapter Skim
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5 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS
5 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Pages 83-93
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From page 83... ...
Accurate vulnerability assessment of complex aircraft requires models at many levels: models of basic physical processes (e.g., fuel spray ignition, composite damage, and hydraulic ram) , models of subsystem behavior (e.g., fault trees, response of hydraulics to a severed line, and wing 83
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From page 84... ...
Data bases play a distinct role in wInerability assessment in that they form the institutional memory that bridges specific systems, prevents repetitious testing, and avoids the mistakes of the past. As with modeling and testing, vulnerability data bases exist on several levels: data bases of constitutive properties (for use in Live Fire Testing of the F-22 Lee;.
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From page 85... ...
Prime examples include those addressing the use of inerting gas systems in empty fuel tanks and ullage areas, the design of damage-tolerant structures by incorporating dual load paws, and the separation of critical components. Some of these documents were reviewed by the committee; they are listed below to provide the reader with an impression of the type of information that is available.
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From page 86... ...
This situation has resulted in insufficient component tests being accomplished to allow confidence in the data bases for existing components and materials. In addition, there are many new composite materials, engines, stealth techniques, weapons, and other advances that wait require significant additional testing to ensure that the damage and failure modes are understood and confidence in the data bases is warranted.
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From page 87... ...
for use in predicting fires in dry bays adjacent to fuel tanks. There are plans to expand the mode]
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From page 88... ...
nuclear weapon design laboratories. The committee judges that a relatively large modeling uncertainty related to the F-22 is the inability to replicate the response of its new composite materials, this has already led to one surprise regarding the effects of hydraulic ram (see Chapter 4~.
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From page 89... ...
.2 The SHAZAM computer program is used to evaluate the effectiveness of art air-intercept missile by describing the terminal phase of the encounter. The program determines missile fizzing arid detonation positions arid calculates target damage sequentially from prioritized kill 2 Regarding this model, the committee notes that the documentation it received was infonnal and of relatively poor quality, and the methodology is not used in the vulnerability community at large.
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From page 90... ...
Yet tests at the large subassembly level are more expensive than tests at Me subsystem arid component levels arid less able to be repeated marry times to yield statistically significant results. Valid large-scare vulnerability models could provide art efficient mear~s of making sound judgments about large-scale effects without the need for expensive and repetitive live fire tests on large subassemblies.
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From page 91... ...
There is considerable need for expanded efforts over the next several years to improve the data bases used in models for conducting vulnerability assessments arid planning live fire tests. Aggressive funding of joint live fire tests would enhance the data bases and could provide a major payoff for both the vulnerability reduction design and the live fire test of individual aircraft programs like the F-22.
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From page 92... ...
Presentation to the Committee on the Study of Live Fire Survivability Testing of the F-22 Aircraft, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., February 16.
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From page 93... ...
1993. Vulnerability Assessment of Aircraft: A Review of the Department of Defense Live Fire Test and Evaluation Program.
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