Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology (1995) / Chapter Skim
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2 Federal Funds for R&D and FS&T
2 Federal Funds for R&D and FS&T
Pages 51-61
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From page 51... ...
The Nature of the Contemporary Federal R&D and FS&T Portfolios In this section, the committee summarizes its understanding of the salient features of the contemporary federal R&D and FS&T portfolios. The R&D data are taken largely from standard statistical sources, and, unless otherwise noted, are presented using the categories and definitions employed by the Division of Science Resources Studies of the National Science Foundation.
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From page 52... ...
.1 As currently reported, federal spending for research and development totals approximately $70 billion a year. However, nearly half of traditional federal research and development spend ing involves initial production, maintenance, and upgrading of large-scale weapons and space systems at the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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From page 53... ...
: 120. 2 DOD is currently working with the Division of Science Resources Studies at the National Science Foundation to report its R&D spending in two categories, "science and technology" and "systems development." That exercise should result in more precise estimates of FS&T spending by DOD and how it is distributed among performing institutions.
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From page 54... ...
The strength of the FS&T budget concept is that it corresponds to the set of research and technology development activities typically conducted in the science and engineering depart ments of U.S. research universities, many of the federal laboratories and FFRDCs, and some private firms.
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From page 55... ...
More work will be needed to clarify the meaning of international science and technology budget comparisons. What fields of science and technology are included in the FS&T base?
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From page 56... ...
. __________________________ 1 These fields are listed and defined in National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 1992, 1993, and 1994, NSF 94-328 (Arlington, Va.: National Science Foundation, 1995)
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From page 57... ...
Figure II.2 shows trends in the ratios of federal support for R&D and FS&T to gross domestic product (GDP)
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From page 58... ...
SOURCE: Data on federal R&D are from Table 4, National Science Foundation, Federal Funding by Budget Function: Fiscal Years 1993-95 (Arlington, Va.: NSF/Division of Science Resources Studies, forthcoming)
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From page 59... ...
The federal government supports R&D in the pursuit of diverse national goals and objectives. Federal spending for R&D is heavily focused on defense, health, space, and energy, as indicated in Figure II.3.
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From page 60... ...
Examples include NIST laboratories, NIH intramural laboratories, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and the USDA Peoria Regional Laboratory. • Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory, or GOCO -- a laboratory owned and funded by the federal government and operated and staffed by a private contractor.
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From page 61... ...
. FS&T Other 1% Nonprofits 8% Federal Intramural FFRDCs Laboratories 10% 29% Universities/colleges 31% Industry 21% FIGURE II.7 Allocation of FS&T funds among categories of performers, Fiscal Year 1994.
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